exam one

Question 1

media convergence

Answer 1

1. the coming together of computing telecommunications and media in a digital environment
2. takes place when products typically linked to one medium show up on many media. (example-watching NBC on smartphone)

Question 2

brief history of the telegraph

Answer 2

changed communication for people, businesses, and news
it was expensive to use though and had technological issues such as: line interference, lack of infrastructure, and needed to know morse code

Question 3

brief history of the telephone

Answer 3

Alexander Graham Bell

easier to use than telegraph

Question 4

how is the telegraph and later the telephone examples of media convergence

Answer 4

n

Question 5

what are the three aspects of media convergence

Answer 5

cultural, economical, technological

Question 6

describe technological convergence

Answer 6

most visible/apparent
digital media form
digitalization makes moving messages from one medium to another much easier

Question 7

describe economic convergence

Answer 7

merging of internet/telecommunication companies with traditional media companies (consolidation)

Question 8

describe cultural convergence

Answer 8

when media crosses cultures

active audience- user becomes producer

Question 9

consequences of media convergence

Answer 9

info that used to be shared by human interaction can now be shared indirectly and more easily

Question 10

implications of media convergence

Answer 10

m

Question 11

what is media literacy

Answer 11

ability to analyze, evaluate, and process mediated messages as well as the creative/production skills necessary to self expression and participation in democratic life

Question 12

why is media literacy important

Answer 12

n

Question 13

what is framing

Answer 13

picking elements to create a narrative with interpretation

guides audience to think a certain way

Question 14

what are the functions of mass communication/ mass media

Answer 14

surveillance, correlation, cultural transmission, entertainment

Question 15

describe surveillance

Answer 15

info about what is going on in society

Question 16

describe correlation

Answer 16

media interpretation of events and issues that help individuals understand their roles within the larger society.

• ex: ads shape public opinion
• media can help maintain social stability

Question 17

describe cultural transmission

Answer 17

transference of dominant culture/subcultures from one generation to the next

Question 18

describe entertainment

Answer 18

to entertain

can perpetuate stereotypes

Question 19

what are the impacts of the concentration of media ownership

Answer 19

less diversity of different opinions, and possible silencing of non mainstream voices

Question 20

how do media giants hurt democracy

Answer 20

corporate media have affected quality of communications content

• lobby govt to further their own corporate interests at expense of public interest
• ex: Washington Post is owned by amazon

Question 21

functions of books

Answer 21

entertainment
cultural transmission
correlation

Question 22

give a brief history of books

Answer 22

monastic scribes made the first version of books

-expensive, low literacy, slow to produce

Question 23

how did books lead to nationalism

Answer 23

creation of communities through language and text

Question 24

two step flow model

Answer 24

opinion leaders interpret media and pass on their influence/ideas to the masses

Question 25

history of newspapers

Answer 25

- commercial press reported on ship's arrivals, departures, cargo, weather - partisan press is after independence and before 1830s. most US papers affiliated with political parties

Question 26

Samuel morse

Answer 26

1st commercial demonstration of working telegraph systems

Question 27

media grammar

Answer 27

underlying rules, structures, and patterns by which a medium presents itself

Question 28

Murdock and golding

Answer 28

only media companies that are commercially successful will survive

Question 29

Gramsci

Answer 29

we're mot ruled by force but by ideas

Question 30

Althusser

Answer 30

est Ideological State Apparatuses | -creates institutions that maintain social order and make sure rules that govern society are enforced

Question 31

journalism has two main forces what are they

Answer 31

1. rules of journalism 2. rules of economics aka be commercially successful and publish pieces first, air programs ppl want to see, etc

Question 32

media bias

Answer 32

news organizations slant news coverage unfairly contrary to professional journalisms stated goals of balanced coverage and objectivity

Question 33

printing press

Answer 33

combining printing press with existing book binding technology enabled mass production

Question 34

how were books revolutionary

Answer 34

languages become standardized required more people to be literate established languages of power

Question 35

postal act of 192

Answer 35

the post office made a system of post roads and delivery routes -govt delivery of newspapers to subscribers at cheap rates

Question 36

Golden Age

Answer 36

power printing press with steam made production faster

Question 37

Benjamin Day

Answer 37

instead of yearly subscriptions he had newsboys selling on street -Penny Press - selling papers for a penny and sold space in the paper for ads