Exam one: Strep. pneumonia, viridans strep

Question 1

L9: What is bacteremia? What is the difference between transient and non transient?

Answer 1

Bacteremia is a blood infection by disease, and transient bacteremia is when microbes in the blood stream overcome the immune system.

Question 2

L9: Where Is pneumococcus found?

Answer 2

nasopharynx

Question 3

L9: What are the virulence factors of pneumoccus?

Answer 3

capsule and pneumococcus

Question 4

L9: how are capsules unique?

Answer 4

Capsules have different compositions that lead to many different serotypes 

Question 5

L9: when and why is the capsule thick?

Answer 5

The capsule is thick to prevent antibody penetration in the cerebral, spinal fluid and sputum 

Question 6

L9: when is the capsule thin?

Answer 6

The capsules thin, and the nasopharynx , to allow better accessibility to the receptors

Question 7

L9: what are the four roles of pneumolysis?

Answer 7

1. Binds membrane cholesterol and pokes holes in walls to kill cells
2. increase nasal inflammation and increase production of mucus
3. mucociliary escalator damaged by Cilia inhibition for alveola
4. epithelium disrupted leading to Edema fluid accumulation 

Question 8

L9: how is the capsule helpful for invasion?

Answer 8

The capsule prevents complement activation and Fc from interacting with phagocytic cell receptors which prevents phagocytosis and opsonization

Question 9

L9: how is pneumococcus transmitted?

Answer 9

It is transmitted via fomite transmission and mucus

Question 10

L9: what can pneumococcus infect

Answer 10

Pneumococcus can infect the Otis media, and the lungs with pneumonia. The pneumonia can move into the bloodstream to cause bacteria, then move into the brain to cause meningitis. 

Question 11

L9: what is the main bacteria that colonizes the teeth?

Answer 11

 Viridans strep, and S. Mutans

Question 12

L9: how does S. Mutants destroy the enamel?

Answer 12

It uses sucrose to produce glucans which leads to enamel attachment, and it can use sugar to produce acid that destroys enamel 

Question 13

L9: what are the early colonizers of the tooth?

Answer 13

Healthy strep

Question 14

L9: what are the late colonizers of the tooth?

Answer 14

Lactobacillus, Veillonella, and S mutans

Question 15

L9: what are some characteristics of late colonizers and the tooth?

Answer 15

Acid tolerant, acid, producing, biofilm, glucans 

Question 16

L9: how can bacterial endocarditis occur from brushing teeth?

Answer 16

Bacteria from teeth (S mutans) can leach into the bloodstream to cause bacteriemia, and then deposit on the damaged endothelium of the heart