Exam Pack - Application Qs

Question 1

Antibiotics are not used to treat viral infections, such as HIV. Explain why (2)

Answer 1

• HIV resides and reproduces in human cells
• So antibodies can’t reach the HIV

Question 2

Explain the presence of bile in the colon

Answer 2

MP1 - Bile is secreted in the liver

MP2 - Bile passes unchanged from the small intestine to colon

Question 3

Human cells contain genes that control their growth and division. One of these genes codes for a protein that prevents cell division. The substances formed from bile steroids by bacteria may cause gene mutation. Describe and explain how these substances could cause colon cancer

Answer 3

MP1 - changes in sequence of bases
MP2 - This causes the mRNA produced to also change
MP3 - So a different protein is produced though translation and transcription
MP4 - the protein produced will have a different function