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Exam- Plate Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

Evidence that supports plate tectonic theory

A
  • same fossil on other sides of the ocean
  • same rock on other sides of ocean
  • continents fit together like puzzle pieces
  • glacial evidence in Africa
  • magnetic reversals on the mid-Atlantic ridge
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2
Q

Dip in the ocean floor formed from subduction

A

Trench

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3
Q

Longest mountain chain in the world formed at divergent boundary

A

Mid-ocean ridge

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4
Q

Formed when India converged with Asia

A

Himalaya mountains

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5
Q

Type of boundary when plates pulled apart

A

Divergent

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6
Q

Space created when plates pull apart

A

Rift Valley

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7
Q

Cycle of magma in the mantle which makes the plates move

A

Convection current

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8
Q

Island located on the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic Ocean

A

Iceland

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9
Q

When 2 plates slide past each day other

A

Transform fault

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10
Q

When 2 plates collide and 1 goes under

A

Subduction

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11
Q

Plate Tectonic Therory

A

Theory that the earth’s lithosphere is broken into large sections called plates. Plates move due to convection currents in the earth’s mantle

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12
Q

This part of Africa is pulling apart and will one day be a sea

A

Great Rift Valley

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13
Q

Giant sea wave formed in a subduction zone

A

Tsunami

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14
Q

Lithosphere plates move due to:

A

Convection

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15
Q

The Ring of Fire is a major volcanic belt around the

A

Pacific Ocean

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16
Q

In general how fast to the plates move

A

Centimeters per year

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17
Q

What feature forms at an ocean-ocean subduction zone?

A

Volcanic islands and trenches

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18
Q

Glacial evidence near the equator in Africa indicated to Wegener that this continent was:

A

Once located closer to the South Pole

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19
Q

Which process creates as many as 30 small earthquakes daily in California

A

Transform Fault

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20
Q

Generally, what is the age of the oceanic crust?

A

Younger than the continent crust

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21
Q

What was Wegener’s hypothesis called?

A

Continental Drift

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22
Q

What wasn’t used in Wegener’s hypothesis?

A

Magnetic reversals

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23
Q

Evidence that support Wegener’s idea of a supercontinent called Pangea include:

A
  • Continent coastlines match
  • Fossil evidence
  • rock types match on adjacent continents
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24
Q

What type of plate boundary represents a trench forming

A

Convergent subduction

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25
Amount of energy released by an earthquake
Magnitude
25
Amount of energy measured by a logarithmic scale
Richter Scale
26
The amount of damage from an earthquake
Intensity
27
Natural disasters that an earthquake could cause
- Landslide | - tsunami
28
Earthquake waves are measured using a_________________?
Seismograph
29
What type of waves does the seismograph record?
P,S, and L waves
30
The difference in arrival time between the p and S waves is called
Lag time
31
Lag time is helped used to determine the location of the
Epicenter
32
What can volcanoes form on that is not a plate boundary
A hotspot
33
Examples of convergent subduction
- Mariana's Trench - Mt. St. Helens - Japan - Andes Mtns - Aleutians Islands
34
Example of transform fault
San Andreas Fault
35
Examples of divergent boundary
- Iceland - Great Rift Valley - Mid Ocean Ridge
36
Examples of convergent collision
Himalayas
37
Point on the earth's surface directly above focus
Epicenter
38
Actual spot in the crust where the earthquake occurred
Focus
39
What are the three types of faults
Strike split Thrust Normal
40
Total force acting on crustal rock per unit area
Stress
41
Deformations of material caused by stress
Strain
42
A material is compressed, stretched, or bent, but returns to its original shape when stress is removed
Elastic deformation
43
A material is compressed, stretched, or bent, but stays deformed when stress is removed
Plastic deformation
44
Where are most faults located
Plate boundaries
45
A break or crack in the crust | Cause of earthquakes
Fault
46
P wave
- Primary wave - Push waves - travel the fastest - travel through any material
47
S wave
- secondary wave - snake waves - travel 2nd fastest - doesn't travel though liquids
48
L wave
- surface waves | - cause most damage
49
What is ground shaking multiplied by
Power of 10
50
What is total energy multiplied by
Power of 32
51
What are the three causes/locations of volcanoes
- Hot spot volcano - Rift volcano - Subduction volcano
52
High temperature lava has _________ silica and flows ________
Low | More/easily
53
Low temperature lava has __________ silica content and flows________
High | Slowly
54
A high silica example is
Rhyolite
55
A low silica example is
Basalt
56
String of volcanoes in a subduction zone
Island arc
57
Earthquakes happen at these plate boundaries
All
58
Three volcano cone types
Cinder Shield Composite/Statovolcano
59
A cinder volcano has a _________ slope A shield volcano has a _________ slope A composite volcano has a _________ slope
Steep Gentle Intermediate
60
Example of cinder is
Paracutin
61
An example of shield
Mauna loa
62
An example of composite is
Mt. St. Helens
63
Cinder has ________ silica content | Lava description is ______________
High | Thick
64
Shield has ________ silica content | Lava description is ______________
Low | Thin
65
Composite has ________ silica content | Lava description is ______________
Medium | Both thick and thin
66
What on a composite volcanos makes the volcano have layers
The repeated eruptions
67
What type of volcano has a lot of cinder and ash
Composite volcano
68
What direction does a dike form
Upwards
69
What direction does a sill form
Horizontally
70
Why does intensity differ
Because of the magnitude
71
On the Richter scale the _________ goes up a power of ____ for each number you go up
- Magnitude | - 10
72
How fast do plates move per year
Centimeters
73
The underground point of origin is called the
Focus
74
The damage from earthquake depends on
Location of the earthquake types of buildings in the area and type of soil in the area
75
Where is maximum earthquake intensity usually found at
Epicenter
76
What earthquake waves is most similar to ocean waves
L wave
77
What earthquake waves only travel along the surface
L waves
78
What earthquake waves help us understand the inside of earth must've been a liquid outer core
S waves
79
The tube that connects the magma chamber to the creator of a volcano is the
Vent
80
High silica content found them lava results in
Thick slow lava flow
81
Shield cone
Gentle slope Thin lava Mauna loa Hawaii
82
Cinder cone
Steep slope Thick ash and lava Paracutin Mexico
83
Composite cone
Intermediate slope Alternating thick and thin lava Mt St. Helens

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