Exam Practice Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the ‘whole body’ approach to therapy?
The mind is not separate from our physical body. Thus, it is important to look at both during therapy.
For example, stress is both a physical and psychological condition.
What is the difference between the ‘preconscious’ and ‘subconscious’ mind?
Preconscious: information store containing memories outside of awareness, that can be brought into consciousness.
Subconscious: not able to be brought into the conscious mind
What is the legislation that protects the profession and its consumers?
Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act (2009)
- regulates practitioners and students
- establishes boards
- professional indemnity insurance
- professional development (30hrs per year)
- code of conduct
- code of ethics
What are the grounds for complaints? Name and briefly describe them.
- Unprofessional conduct: breaches of registration and national law
- Professional misconduct: conduct below the standard (e.g. being rude or insensitive to clients, sexual relations with clients)
- Notifiable conduct: psychologists as mandatory reporters for other practitioners
What are the three principles the Code of Ethics is built upon?
- Respect: for the rights and dignity of people
- Propriety: to the rules and standards of the board
- Integrity: strong moral principles
Name three components of the APS Code of Conduct.
- Justice: to avoid discrimination
- Respect: through actions and language
- Informed consent: informing clients on
- Confidentiality: protect client information
- Privacy: avoid undue invasion
What is involved in the initial interview?
- Rationale
- Determine the type of treatment
- Lay foundations for a good therapeutic relationship
- Presenting problems
- Client’s perception of the problem
- Coping mechanisms/support networks
- History (e.g. psychiatric, education, family)
- Mental status exam
- Formulate diagnosis (or preliminary diagnosis)
What are some of the characteristics of the helping relationship?
- Expertness: competence
- Personal presentation: must be appropriate
- Attractiveness: apparent similarity between client and therapist
- Trustworthiness: not to cause harm or mislead
What are the facilitative conditions of the helping relationship?
- Genuineness: ability to be yourself
- Positive regard: viewing the client as a person of worth
- Empathy: understanding the client’s point of view
What are transference and countertransference? What are some strategies to manage these?
- Transference: displacement of feelings and attitudes by the client
- Countertransference: emotional involvement by the therapist
Strategies:
- Empathy
- Anxiety management
- Conceptualising skills
Name and describe the main interviewing skills.
- Minimal encouragers: verbal or non-verbal
- Clarification: if unsure, ask.
- Open/closed ended questions
- Paraphrasing: rephrasing a client’s words
- Reflection of feeling:
- Summarisation: condensing the client’s overall message
What are some strategies to find the ‘origin of the problem’?
- Presenting actions:
- Hypnosis:
- Writing a fable
- Drawing
What are some emotion management techniques?
- Catharsis
- Low impact writing method
- Disappearing technique
What are the main assumptions of CBT?
- Feelings and thoughts both impact on behaviour, as well as each other
- Change a person’s belief system and you change their behaviour
What is the ABC model?
- Problem behaviours are influenced by principles of learning
A: antecedents
B: behaviour
C: consequences
Explain the rationale and process of cognitive restructuring.
- Rationale: changing core beliefs and schemas will stop self-defeating thoughts
- Process: Identify problem beliefs, exchange for coping thoughts and positive self-statements (MUST BE BELIEVABLE), then practice them for homework.
Examples of problem beliefs
- Catastrophising
- Over-generalising
- Labelling
- Disqualifying the positive
- All or nothing
- Fairness
What are characteristics of a ‘good’ psychological test?
- Normative sample
- Large sample size
- Reliability (inter-rater, test-retest and split-half)
- Validity (face, concurrent, predictive, construct, convergent and divergent)
Describe the Classical Theory of Measurement.
- Spearman (1904)
- Assumes there is always error in all we measure (we never know someone’s true score)
- Test scores are influenced by (a) stable attributes we are trying to measure and (b) unmeasured factors that affect measurement
What are the rules for goal setting in therapy?
- S: specific: the goal must be specific
- M: measurable: must be measurable
- A: accepting responsibility: the client must be responsible for achieving the goal
- R: realistic: the goal must be realistic
- T: time frame: must set a time for achieving the goal
What are affirmations? How do they work?
- Statements that a person repeats to themselves to change their own beliefs and behaviour
1. short positive statement
2. repeat at least 50 times out loud (or write it). If the mind wanders, start again.
List the consumer roles within a ‘Full Participation Model’
- Active decision maker
- Service evaluator
- Service provide
- Policy maker
- Advocator
Identify the two levels in the client centred approach.
- Micro: participation in the clinical process (i.e. planning and treatment)
- Macro: participation into how the services operate, including planning and reform processes.
Outline the ‘SLAP’ suicide assessment for evaluating plans
- S: specificity of the plan (how specific/detailed is it?)
- L: lethality of method (how dangerous or fatal?)
- A: availability (do they have access to materials in method?)
- P: proximity of social support or helping resources
