Exam Prep #2

Question 1

This plane faces forward and divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Answer 1

Frontal Plane

Question 2

This plane run perpendicular to the ground and divides the body into left and right portions.

Answer 2

Sagittal Plane

Question 3

This plane passes directly through the spine and navel. All other lateral planes are considered parasagittal.

Answer 3

Midsagittal Plane

Question 4

This plane runs parallel to the ground and divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

Answer 4

Transverse Plane (Horizontal)

Question 5

How many body cavities are there?

Answer 5

5

Question 6

This body cavity consists of the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, ureters, and kidneys.

Answer 6

Abdominal Cavity

Question 7

This body cavity consists the skull and the brain.

Answer 7

Cranial Cavity

Question 8

This body cavity consists the urinary bladder, urethra, part of the large intestines, rectum, uterus, and vagina/prostate

Answer 8

Pelvic Cavity

Question 9

This body cavity consists of the spinal column connecting to the cranial cavity.

Answer 9

Spinal Cavity

Question 10

This body cavity consists of the esophagus, trachea, lungs, heart, and aorta.

Answer 10

Thoracic Cavity

Question 11

This body cavity can be divided into 2 smaller cavities which is.

Answer 11

The thoracic cavity. Divided into the pleural and mediastinum cavity.

Question 12

The building blocks of increasing complexity that, when combined, form a living organism is known as?

Answer 12

Structural Units

Question 13

How many Structural Units are there?

Answer 13

4

Question 14

Structural unit that is primarily responsible for storing genetic information and carrying out microscopic processes such as metabolism and protein synthesis.

Answer 14

Cells

Question 15

Structural unit that groups cells with the same structure and function. Arranged in layers and also differ on their operation and location in the body. Consist of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous (cardiac, smooth, skeletal)

Answer 15

Tissues

Question 16

Structural unit that is more than one tissue arranged together. Specialized and each are responsible for specific, vital functions in the body. Can be hollow or solid. Examples include heart, lungs, brain, and liver

Answer 16

Organs

Question 17

Structural unit consisting of an arrangement of organs working together to achieve a unified bodily objective.

Answer 17

Organ Systems

Question 18

How many organ systems are there in the body?

Answer 18

11

Question 19

Name the 12 Organ Systems of the body.

Answer 19

• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Cardiovascular
• Circulatory
• Respiratory
• Nervous
• Digestive
• Urinary
• Endocrine
• Lymphatic
• Integumentary
• Reproductive

Question 20

Function of this organ system are mechanical support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage and endocrine regulation. Composed of bone and cartilages.

Answer 20

The Skeletal System

Question 21

The axial and appendicular are two parts of which organ system?

Answer 21

The Skeletal System

Question 22

This organ system functions as the locomotion of the body. Divided into smooth, cardiac, and skeletal parts. Skeletal and cardiac muscles are arranged in a repetitive fashion (striped appearance). Smooth muscles are non-striated (non striped).

Answer 22

The Muscular System

Question 23

This organ system function includes transportation of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body within the blood. Also eliminates carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste. Composed of the heart and circulatory system.

Answer 23

The Cardiovascular System

Question 24

This organ system consists of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Continuous network of vessels that carry blood around the body. Blood leaves the heart through arteries, which reduce in size to smaller arteries called arterioles. Arterioles reduce to capillaries (where gasses and nutrients are exchanged. Then small veins (venules) go from capillaries and increase size to the heart as veins. Arteries convey blood from heart to periphery. Veins convey blood from periphery to heart.

Answer 24

The Circulatory System

Question 25

This organ system consist of 3 circuits called, pulmonary, coronary and systemic circulations.

Answer 25

The Circulatory System

Question 26

This circulatory circuit carries blood between heart and lungs.

Answer 26

Pulmonary Circulation

Question 27

This circulatory circuit supplies blood to muscle of the heart.

Answer 27

Coronary Circulation

Question 28

This circulatory circuit carries blood to the rest of the body.

Answer 28

Systemic Circulation

Question 29

This organ system function is to bring oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide. Consists of the nasal cavity and pharynx (both called the upper respiratory system, the rest are lower the respiratory system), larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs (alveoli). Function to conduct air into the lungs aided by muscle of respiration (except alveoli). When air is in the lungs it enters the alveoli (gas exchanges/ CO2 is removed and O2 is returned to blood).

Answer 29

The Respiratory System

Question 30

This organ system initiates and regulates vital body functions, sensation and body movements. Controls how we interact with and respond to our environment by controlling functions of organs. Consists of the brain, spinal cord and sensory organs (connected by neurons). Neurons are used to transmit neural signals around the body.

Answer 30

The Nervous System

Question 31

The nervous system is divided into which 4 systems?

Answer 31

- Central - Peripheral - Somatic - Autonomic

Question 32

This organ system function is to degrade food into smaller compounds, until they can be absorbed into the body and can be used as energy. Consists of gastrointestinal tract organs and accessory digestive organs (from mouth to anal canal). Assist with mechanical and chemical food breakdown (tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).

Answer 32

The Digestive System

Question 33

This organ system functions as the body drainage system made of organs that produce and excrete urine. Consists of the kidney, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Elimination of body waste, regulation of blood volume and blood pressure, regulation of electrolyte levels and blood ph.

Answer 33

The Urinary System

Question 34

These organ systems are scattered throughout the body that act to produce hormones. Hypothalamus is a gland in your brain that controls the endocrine system. It controls mood, hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual functions. The pituitary gland makes hormones that control the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries and testicles. Located at the base of the brain.

Answer 34

The Endocrine System

Question 35

A butterfly shaped gland in front of the neck. Responsible for metabolism.

Answer 35

Thyroid

Question 36

Controls the level of calcium in the body.

Answer 36

Parathyroid

Question 37

Consists of two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney which controls metabolism, blood pressure, sexual development, and response to stress.

Answer 37

Adrenal Glands

Question 38

Manages sleep cycles by releasing melatonin.

Answer 38

Pineal

Question 39

Makes insulin that controls the level of sugar in your blood.

Answer 39

Pancreas

Question 40

Releases estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.

Answer 40

Ovaries

Question 41

This organ system is a network of vessels that drain excess tissue fluid from the intracellular fluid compartment, filters it though lymph nodes, exposes it to lymphocytes (white blood cells) and returns the fluid to the circulatory system. Consists of lymph, lymphatic plexuses, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes and lymphoid organs. To convey and eliminate toxins and waste from the body.

Answer 41

The Lymphatic System

Question 42

Resistance to pathogens during an adaptive immune response is called what?

Answer 42

Active Immunity

Question 43

The organ system that functions as the outer skin layer of the body. Acts as protection of deeper tissue from mechanical, chemical, thermal, and bacterial damage. Temperature regulation, helps secretion of urea and uric acid through sweat glands, and sensory receptors that recognize heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. Consists of skin, hair, finger and toenails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands

Answer 43

The Integumentary System

Question 44

This organ system consists of internal and external sex organs that work together to contribute to the reproduction process. External organs are the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening (female) and testes and penis (male). The internal organs are ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina (female) and epididymis, ductus deferens and accessory glands (male).

Answer 44

The Reproductive System

Question 45

State of equilibrium between elements (like a thermostat). In the body, it involves coordination of physiological processes among organ systems to maintain the conditions necessary for life and health. What is this called?

Answer 45

Homeostasis

Question 46

The study of all living organisms that are too small to be visible with the naked eye. Including bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa, and algae (microbes) is called what?

Answer 46

Microbiology

Question 47

What are the basic building block of all living things?

Answer 47

Cells

Question 48

Cell structure that holds all other substructures in place. Humans and animals have two layers, whereas bacteria only has one.

Answer 48

Cell Membrane

Question 49

Cell structure where plants, bacteria, and fungal cells only have cell walls (excluding animal and humans). Encloses the cell membrane.

Answer 49

Cell Wall

Question 50

Cell structure known as the cell’s command center. Directions to grow, mature, divide, or die. Houses DNA (hereditary material).

Answer 50

Nucleus

Question 51

Cell structure where the nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane). Protects the DNA and separates from the rest of the cell.

Answer 51

Membrane

Question 52

Cell structure that is made up of a jelly like fluid (cytosol) and other structures that surround the nucleus.

Answer 52

Cytoplasm

Question 53

Cell structure where organelles that process the cell’s genetic instructions to create proteins.

Answer 53

Ribosome

Question 54

Cell structure where organelle that helps process molecules created by the cell. Also transports molecules in or out of cells.

Answer 54

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 55

Cell structure that packages molecules processed by the endoplasmic reticulum to be transported out of the cell.

Answer 55

Golgi Apparatus

Question 56

Cell structure known as the powerhouse of the cell. Converts energy from food. Own genetic material. Can make copies of themselves.

Answer 56

Mitochondria

Question 57

Cell structure that digest foreign bacteria that invade the cell, rid of toxic substances, and recycle worn-out components.

Answer 57

Lysosome

Question 58

Cell structure which has a slender threadlike structure. Enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc, to swim.

Answer 58

Flagellum

Question 59

Cell structure, present on the surface of the mammalian cells. Play a major role in locomotion.

Answer 59

Cilia

Question 60

A unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and nucleus, including some that cause disease is called what?

Answer 60

Bacteria

Question 61

Infectious agents that rely on living cells to multiply are called what?

Answer 61

Viruses

Question 62

Spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter (mold, yeasts, mushrooms, toadstools). Multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophic in nutrition are called what?

Answer 62

Fungi

Question 63

Single-celled eukaryotes (free-living or parasitic). Feed on organic matter are called what?

Answer 63

Protozoa

Question 64

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Type 2, Hyperthyroidism, and Hypothyroidism is pathophysiology of which organ system?

Answer 64

Endocrine System

Question 65

Basal Cell Carcinoma, Eczema, Dermatitis and Cellulitis is pathophysiology of which organ system?

Answer 65

Integumentary System

Question 66

Osteoarthritis, Bursitis, Gout, and Lordosis is pathophysiology of which organ system?

Answer 66

Musculoskeletal System

Question 67

Hypertension, Angina, Myocardial Infarction, and Coronary Artery Disease is pathophysiology of which organ system?

Answer 67

Cardiovascular System

Question 68

AIDS, Lymphedema, and Mononucleosis is pathophysiology of which organ system?

Answer 68

Lymphatic System

Question 69

Asthma, Bronchitis, COPD, and Influenza is pathophysiology of which organ system?

Answer 69

Respiratory System

Question 70

Alzheimer's, Seizures, Strokes, and Multiple Sclerosis is pathophysiology of which organ system?

Answer 70

Nervous System

Question 71

Prostate Cancer, STI, and Cervical Cancer is pathophysiology of which organ system?

Answer 71

Reproductive System

Question 72

Active Kidney Failure, Incontinence, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Renal Calculi is pathophysiology of which organ system?

Answer 72

Urinary System

Question 73

Colitis, Appendicitis, Cirrhosis, and Crohn's Disease is pathophysiology of which organ system?

Answer 73

Digestive System

Question 74

List 5 common injuries.

Answer 74

- Bone fracture - Joint dislocation - Rotator cuff tear - Concussion - Muscle strain - ACL tear

Question 75

Diagnostic imaging including x-ray, computed tomography (CT), angiography, mammography, and nuclear medicine studies uses what kind of tool?

Answer 75

Radiation

Question 76

Diagnostic imaging including MRI, and ultrasound use what kind of tool?

Answer 76

Sound waves, magnetic

Question 77

Diagnostic imaging including air, barium, gadolinium, and iodine use what kind of material?

Answer 77

Contrast material

Question 78

Occurrence of new diseases or cases in a specific population over a distinct time period. Can be classified into groups of people who play in specific sports. Example, the number of athletes who suffer ACL injuries will be higher than the number of kindergarten teachers who do is called what?

Answer 78

Incidence

Question 79

The proportion of a population who have a particular disease at a specific point in time over a period of time. Prevalence includes all cases, incidence limits only new cases. Example, a medical assistant will often see trends in the types of conditions being treated due to environmental or seasonal changes is called what?

Answer 79

Prevalence

Question 80

Characteristics that make a person more likely to suffer a disease or injury. Can be modifiable. Example, a high-fat diet is a risk factor for developing heart disease, and is modifiable. A family history of breast cancer is considered a non modifiable risk factor is called what?

Answer 80

Risk Factors

Question 81

Define Morbidity

Answer 81

The measure of sickness or disease within a specific population. Can lead to mortality.

Question 82

Define Mortality.

Answer 82

The measure of deaths in an area or population.

Question 83

Define Comorbidities.

Answer 83

Diseases or conditions in one person at the same time. Often in chronic nature.

Question 84

Define Endemic.

Answer 84

An illness that is constantly present within a community.

Question 85

Define Epidemic.

Answer 85

An infection disease spreads rapidly to large number of people.

Question 86

Define Pandemic.

Answer 86

A world-wide outbreak of a disease.