exam pt. 2

Question 1

Ghon complexes are calcified, healed lesions, and one of the important diagnostic tools in recognizing this disease.

Answer 1

tuberculosis

Question 2

The first step for the opportunistic pathogens to become dangerous is to overcome the immune system. So once the ____________________ is impaired, thus limiting the body’s ability to expel the invading microbes, the pathogens can multiply and spread, causing the disease.

Answer 2

mucociliary escalator

Question 3

vaccine:
common cold

Answer 3

none

Question 4

vaccine:
pertussis

Answer 4

DTaP

Question 5

Vaccine:
Rubella

Answer 5

MMR

Question 6

Vaccine:
Tuberculosis

Answer 6

BCG

Question 7

Vacine:
Diphtheria

Answer 7

DTaP

Question 8

Once thought to be caused by a protozoan, this fungal respiratory disease is a leading cause of pneumonia in people with AIDS.

Answer 8

Pneumocystis

Question 9

The upper respiratory system is protected by ________, while the lower respiratory system is protected by ___________.

Answer 9

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT); alveolar macrophages

Question 10

It can be said that many organisms form the normal microbiota in the respiratory system are_______________________________.

Answer 10

opportunistic pathogens

Question 11

Which of the following causes a disease characterized by grayish pseudomembrane made of a mixture of dead host cells, pus, red blood cells, fibrin, and bacteria?

Answer 11

Corynebacterium

Question 12

Scarlet fever presents with a red rash and a strawberry tongue and it is caused by _________.

Answer 12

streptococcus

Question 13

What is Otitis media usually treated with?

Answer 13

amoxicillin

Question 14

The most common cause of acute Otitis Media is ________.

Answer 14

staphylococcus

Question 15

As much as _______ % of the population carry Staphylococcus aureus in their nostrils.

Answer 15

20%

Question 16

The reason why we need vaccination every year before the flu season is:

Answer 16

antigenic drift

Question 17

These can shorten the course of the flu. Mark all that apply.

• Peramivir
• Oseltamivir
• deltamin

-Zanamivir

Answer 17

Peramivir, oseltamivir, zanamivir

Question 18

The endotoxins of ___________ can stimulate strong inflammatory response that damages respiratory cells.

Answer 18

gram negative bacteria

Question 19

Histoplasmosis is hard to diagnose due to these factors. Mark all that apply.

The common occurrence of this disease

The endemic areas

The dimorphic fungus that is causing it

the mild effect that most people have

Answer 19

The endemic areas

The dimorphic fungus that is causing it

the mild effect that most people have

Question 20

The functions of the H (Hemagglutinin) spike proteins are the following. Mark all that apply.

Answer 20

serve as a point of recognition of the subtypes of the flu viruses

To bind to the silica acid receptor of the host cells

Question 21

Which fungal respiratory disease is characterized by skin lesions that become crusty and discolored, and it is common in immunocompromised people?

Answer 21

blastomycosis

Question 22

These are known to cause bacterial pneumonia. Mark all that apply

Answer 22

streptococcus,
myoplasma
haemophilus

Question 23

The most common opportunistic pathogen that causes pneumonia in patients that suffer from cystic fibrosis is ___________________.

Answer 23

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 24

Match the virulence factor with its appropriate microbe.

Group A streptococci

Answer 24

erythrogenic toxin

Question 25

Match the virulence factor with its appropriate microbe. Corynebacterium diphtheria

Answer 25

diphtheria toxin

Question 26

Match the virulence factor with its appropriate microbe. Bordetella pertussis

Answer 26

pertussis toxin

Question 27

Match the virulence factor with its appropriate microbe. Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 27

autolysins

Question 28

Which of the following diseases is characterized by catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages?

Answer 28

whooping cough

Question 29

Koplik's spot is typical for this viral disease.

Answer 29

measles

Question 30

These viruses are systemic and are transmitted through the respiratory system, but are causing skin rashes. Mark all that apply.

Answer 30

rubella, chicken pox, measles

Question 31

What is the best cure for pertussis?

Answer 31

vaccine

Question 32

The best treatment for the common cold is ____________.

Answer 32

supportive therapy

Question 33

A patient has pneumonia. Upon examination of the sputum, gram-positive, lancet-shaped cells have been noticed. You can safely conclude that the cause of this pneumonia most likely is due to ___________.

Answer 33

Streptococcus pneumonia

Question 34

What is the best prevention for measles and rubella?

Answer 34

vaccine

Question 35

Ghon complexes are calcified, healed lesions, and one of the important diagnostic tools in recognizing this disease.

Answer 35

tuberculosis

Question 36

Which of the following structures does not distribute air during respiration?

Answer 36

alveolus

Question 37

Which of the following can cause a complication of influenza that occurs primarily in children and teenagers, and it is a reason why aspirin should never be used to treat viral illnesses in children younger than 19?

Answer 37

reyes syndrome

Question 38

What causes whooping cough?

Answer 38

Bordetella pertussis

Question 39

Both chickenpox and shingles are caused by this virus.

Answer 39

Varicella zoster virus

Question 40

You know that your patient is suffering from influenza, and does not have common cold when:

Answer 40

high body temp

Question 41

All these are parts of the upper respiratory system. Mark all that apply.

Answer 41

pharynx, larynx, oropharynx

Question 42

Legionella is transmitted by __________________________.

Answer 42

Aerosols from air conditioning units

Question 43

Which of the following is the virus that is causing infections primarily in infants and can lead to serious complications?

Answer 43

Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 44

The patient has been admitted with fever, fatigue, and dry cough. The exam revealed that the patient has Type 1 diabetes and loves birds as he has 7 of them in his bedroom. You are pretty sure that your patient suffers from ________________.

Answer 44

Cryptococcosis

Question 45

The causative agent of diphtheria is ________________.

Answer 45

Corynebacterium

Question 46

The function of the surfactant in the alveoli is to

Answer 46

prevent the alveoli from collapsing

Question 47

Match the following diseases with the correct diagnostic techniques: Histoplasmosis

Answer 47

chest X ray, direct antibody staining and Giemsa staining

Question 48

Match the following diseases with the correct diagnostic techniques: Coccidiomycosis

Answer 48

future and serological test for antibody production

Question 49

Match the following diseases with the correct diagnostic techniques Blastomycosis

Answer 49

sputum samples, urine antigen test, EIA

Question 50

Match the following diseases with the correct diagnostic techniques: Mucormycosis

Answer 50

microscopic examination of tissue biopsy

Question 51

Strep throat is caused by what pathogen?

Answer 51

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 52

antimicrobial drug Chlamydial pneumonia

Answer 52

tetracycline

Question 53

antimicrobial drug Haemophilus pneumonia

Answer 53

cephalosporins

Question 54

antimicrobial drug Klebsiella pneumonia

Answer 54

susceptibility testing necessary

Question 55

antimicrobial drug Walking pneumonia

Answer 55

macrolides