Exam Review

Question 1

Ada Lovelace

Answer 1

Considered the first computer programmer

Question 2

Alan Turing

Answer 2

Credited with breaking Enigma

Question 3

Grace Hopper

Answer 3

Developed the COBOL language

Question 4

Bill Gates

Answer 4

Wrote an operating system that started Microsoft

Question 5

Steve Jobs

Answer 5

Started Apple Computers

Question 6

Dorothy Vaughn

Answer 6

Became the first African-American to become a supervisor at NASA

Question 7

Sergey Brin

Answer 7

Developed the Google search algorithm

Question 8

Douglas Engelbart

Answer 8

Built the prototype of a mouse and GUI

Question 9

Tim Berners-Lee

Answer 9

Developed HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

Question 10

What do we learn when solving problems?

Answer 10

Learn about new ideas, practice things we know, transfer ideas from one area to another, and stimulates our curiosity.

Question 11

5 steps to problem-solving

Answer 11

1. What is the problem?
2. Make a model
3. Analyze the model
4. Find the solution
5. check the solution

Question 12

Algorithm

Answer 12

Set of instructions used to solve a problem

Question 13

Flowchart

Answer 13

Graphical representation of the algorithm

Question 14

Flowchart parts

Answer 14

Oval = start or end
Arrows = flow
Diamond = decision
Rectangle = Changes data
Parallelogram = input/output

Question 15

Source Code

Answer 15

Written document through which a programmer can control a computer

Question 16

IDE

Answer 16

Integrated Development Environment

Question 17

Syntax

Answer 17

Set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols that are considered to be correctly structure for that language.

Question 18

Why are comments important?

Answer 18

They ignored by the IDE, but exist for programmers to easily understand the code.

They are not required for the code to run, but helpful for programmers.

Question 19

Variable declaration

Answer 19

Sets aside memory to hold values.

Question 20

Data Type

Answer 20

What type of information a variable can contain.

Question 21

Identifiers naming standards

Answer 21

Can contain any letter, number, special character, be descriptive, and use camelCase

CANNOT start with a number, be a processing keyword, be an acronym, or be parts of a word.

Question 22

Syntax error

Answer 22

Violates syntax rules

Question 23

Run time error

Answer 23

Program compiles and runs, but “crashes”

Question 24

Logic error

Answer 24

Program compiles and runs normally, but produces incorrect results

Question 25

Logical Operators

Answer 25

and (&&) or (||) not (!)

Question 26

Relational Operators

Answer 26

``` equal to (==) not equal to (!=) greater than (>) less than (=) less than or equal to (<=) ```

Question 27

Sentinel Value

Answer 27

Special value used to terminate a loop

Question 28

Accumulator

Answer 28

Variable that accumulates the values of data in a program

Question 29

Variable Scope

Answer 29

The variables created in the initial statements of the code block are only available in that block.

Question 30

Primitive data type

Answer 30

Not an object and can be changed

Question 31

Immutable data type

Answer 31

An object that cannot be changed

Question 32

Array

Answer 32

Group of variables of the same type stored in a single collection.

Question 33

Virus

Answer 33

Malicious code that infects your device without your knowledge. Can impact performance, delete files, send spam, etc.

Question 34

Malware

Answer 34

General term for a program that is designed to damage, disrupt, or hack a device. Viruses and ransomware are a type of malware.

Question 35

Ransomware

Answer 35

Malicious programs that block access to your device until you pay a ransom fee to its creator.