Exam Review Flashcards

Question

If it is.. 2:15PM in Hamilton What time is it in Vancouver, BC | P M C E A N

Answer 1

- Vancouver - Victoria - Whitehorse

Answer 2

- Edmonton - Calgary - Yellowknife

Answer 3

- Quebec City - Ottawa - Montreal - Iquluit - Toronto - Ancaster

Answer 4

- Charlottetown - Cape Breton - Fredricton - Moncton - Summerside - Halifax

Answer 5

- Corner brook - St. John's

Answer 6

35 million-40 million (37 Million)

Answer 7

Check Notes

Answer 8

Subduction occurs when an oceanic plate runs into a continental plate and slides beneath it.

Answer 9

Alfred Wegner's theory states that 300 million years ago, Earth's land masses collided to form one **super continent** called **Pangaea**, which broke apart 200 million years ago, causing continents to drift apart to their present locations.

Answer 10

What has happened in the past is happening today and continues to happen in the future "The present is the key to the past."

Answer 11

4.6 Billion years old

Answer 12

Geologic Time: Earth is 4.6 Billion years old Human Time: Life expectancy is between 80-85. *10,000* years in Geological Time **=** *91* minutes in Human Time

Answer 13

Alfred Wegener

Answer 14

Tuzo Wilson

Answer 15

Theory that states that Earth's outer shell consists of plates that move causing **Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Mountains and the Formation of New Crust**

Answer 16

**Summary: ** 1. Alfred Wegner observed the jigsaw fit of South America and Africa 2. Found fossils consistent across continents 3. Found mountains on both sides of the Atlantic 4. Discovered ice sheets covering parts of Africa, India, Australia, and Southern America 250 million years ago. - Wegener's evidence supports the theory of plate tectonics by illustrating how continents have moved and changed over millions of years, shaping the Earth's geology and climate.

Answer 17

* Crust * Upper Mantle * Lower Mantle * Outer Core * Inner Core

Answer 18

Temperature: Around 22°C State: Solid **Oceanic crust** is made up of Iron

Answer 19

**(Upper Mantle)** Temperture : 1,400°C - 3,000°C State: Liquid/Solid Made up of Iron **(Lower Mantle)** Temperature : 3,000°C State: Solid Made up of Iron

Answer 20

**(Outer Core)** Temperature: 4,000°C-6,000°C State: Liquid Made up of Iron **(Inner Core)** Temperature: 5,000°C-6,000°C State: Solid Made up of Iron

Answer 21

*Check Notes*

Answer 22

*Check Notes*

Answer 23

The Great Lakes (St Lawrence)

Answer 24

1. Divergent Plate Boundary: This is where the plates move apart, new magma wells up to the surface, forming new crust. 2. Convergent Plate Boundary: Two plates come together. Usually one of the plates subducts (goes under) the other plate, creating a subduction zone. The crust at the leading edge of the subducting plate melts back to lava. 3. Transform Plate Boundary: This occurs when two plates rub against each other. This causes tremendous friction which is eventually released in the form of earthquakes. *Hotspots: An area where magma is being released and the "volcano" is not depended on the plate movement- "an ever erupting volcano"

Answer 25

Oceanic Crust: Thin and course (Thin & Dense) found at the bottom of the ocean. It is a compact, thin and heavy crust. Continetal Crust: Since it has been exposed to the atmosphere is bulkier (air) (Thick & Britle) and lighter than oceanic crust

Answer 26

**Similarity:** They are melted molten rock **Difference:** * magma is below the earth's surface * lava is found on the earth's surface

Answer 27

Cenezoic (Recent) Mesozoic (Middle) Palezoic (Ancient) Precambrain (Earliest)

Answer 28

Check Notes

Answer 29

Humidity simply looks at how much moisture there is. Relative Humidity is a % of how much room is taken by the moisture

Answer 30

**Similarity:** Both describe meteorological (Precipitation, Temperature, etc.) conditions in the atmosphere **Difference:** *Climate* is over a longer period of time such as a season where *Weather* is day to day. **Climate is easier to predict.** This is because it is the average of weather. Any given day can give us a variety of weather.

Answer 31

Latitude Ocean Currents Winds + Air Masses (Only one that changes) Elevation Relief (Mountains) Nearness to bodies of water

Answer 32

1. Average annual temp 2. Total annual precipitation 3. Temperature Range 4. Seasonal distribution of precipitation

Answer 33

* More Precipitation ( Over 1000mm) * Smaller Temperature Range (Less than 25 degrees) Temperatures are more moderated or regulated * Greater amounts of Precipitation in the Winter

Answer 34

* Less Precipitation ( Under 1000mm) * Greater Temperature Range (Greater than 25 degrees) Temperatures are less moderated or regulated * Greater amounts of Precipitation in the Summer

Answer 35

1. Determine the Rate 2. Find the Difference in Elevation 3. Calculate the amount that changes 4. Apply to current (Temp)

Answer 36

1. **Cyclonic or Frontal- Colliding air masses (High pressure to Low pressure):** This type of precipitation is created when air masses that are different in temperature and moisture collide. When a warm front collides with a cold front, the warm mostiure is forced to rise by the cool, dry, and denser air mass. 2. **Convectional:** Precipitation develops as a result of the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by the sun. This type of precipitation is common on hot, summer days when the heated land causes the air above it to rise by convection. 3. **Rainshadow Or Orographic or Relief:** Precipitation that is created when an air mass rises to cross a mountain barrier. Clouds bring moisture to one side of the mountain, cooling and releasing rain, which makes it green. The other side, dry and with little rain, is known as the rainshadow.

Answer 37

1. Ocean Currents 2. Latitude 3. Winds + Air Masses 4. Ocean Currents

Answer 38

Winds + Air masses

Answer 39

Latitude: A mesaure of how North or South you are from the equator Ocean Currents: Anything on the coast, precipitation, creates good forest industrys, increases temp for maritime provinces, provides a track for storms, cold labrador current creates fog. Move warm or cold water across different parts of the ocean Winds + Air Masses (Only one that changes): **Wind:** Horizontal movement of air over the earth's surface caused by *differences* in air presssure **Air Mass:** Large body of air that has the same moisture and temperature conditions throughout **High pressure systems-**Cool, dry air sinking (Sunny Days) **Low pressure systems-** Warm moist air rising (Precipitation) Elevation: How high something is above a certain level (normally above sea level) Relief (Mountains): Refers to the differences in elevation of the earth's surface. (Usually refers to mountains) Nearness to bodies of water: Closer to a body of water have more moderate temperatures, more precipitation

Answer 40

Changes in Air Pressure

Answer 41

A Leading Edge of an Air Mass

Answer 42

As it gets cooler, evaporation decreases, condensation increases

Answer 43

Not letting the High temp get to high and not letting the Low temp get too low.

Answer 44

Cooler, drier air sinking Clockwise

Answer 45

Cools, Condenses, Precipitates Counter-Clockwise

Answer 46

The air is so full of water vapour that it is not able to hold anymore water at that temperature

Answer 47

1. The Warm North Pacific Current: helps keep the west coast from getting too hot or too cold. It also brings a lot of rain, which helps trees grow big and strong. 2. The Warm Gulfstream: comes from warm places and goes up the east coast, making places like Nova Scotia warmer. But it also brings storms, which is why this area can have hurricanes. 3. The Cold Labrador Current: comes from the north and makes the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland cooler. When the Cold Labrador Current meets the Warm Gulfstream, it makes fog. St. John's in Newfoundland has a lot of fog and is the foggiest city in Canada.

Answer 48

Before (Below) Condensation: Temperature drops -1°C for every 100m After (Above) Condensation: Temperature drops -0.6°C for every 100m

Answer 49

The side that gets Rain is the Windward side

Answer 50

The side that does not get rain is the Leeward Side (Rainshadow)

Answer 51

(IR - ER) (Immigration Rate - Emigration Rate)

Answer 52

(BR - DR) (Birth Rates - Death Rates)

Answer 53

**1. Expansive Population Pyramid** They have a much larger population of pre-reproductive and reproductive age groups. The population of Post-reproductive age groups is very less compared to the pre-reproductive and reproductive age groups. (Large at the bottom and very little at the top) Ex: India **2. Stationary Population Pyramid** Equal population in each group. The birth and death rates are equal which means the population is neither increasing nor decreasing. There is usually not any major changes in the mortality rate and fertility rates (Equal on both sides) Ex: America **3. Constructive Population Pyramid** The population is decreasing. There is declining birth rates, low fertility rates, hgh life expectancy, low mortality rates. The elderly and post-reproductive population is more than the pre-reproductive and reproductive population (Small and the bottom and large at the top) Ex: Japan

Answer 54

**Push:** Cost of Living Climate “Brain Drain” **Pull:** Universal Healthcare High standards of living Job opportunities (Number, Quality) Space Peaceful “Brain Gain”

Answer 55

**1. Knowledge of English or French Language (Maximum 28 Points)** Knowing English or French is important for Canada's immigration system because it can help you score higher in the point system, find more job opportunities, and connect with communities. Speaking both languages can earn you extra points, increasing your chances of getting invited to apply for residency. **2. Education (Maximum 25 Points)** Education plays a significant role in Canada's immigration point system. Higher levels of education can earn you more points, making you a more competitive candidate for immigration. Education not only helps with your score but also improves your job prospects and ability to adapt to life in Canada. **3. Work Experience (Maximum 15 Points)** The more relevant work experience you have, especially in skilled jobs, the more points you can earn. This experience demonstrates your ability to contribute to the Canadian economy and adapt to the workforce. Having a solid work history can significantly improve your chances of being invited to apply for permanent residency.

Answer 56

67 Points (Can Vary)

Answer 57

Immigration Canada balances immigrants without disrupting Canadian society. To accommodate and service immigrants, they use a point system that focuses on qualities and characteristics, aiming to identify potential immigrants who can benefit Canada's society and economy.

Answer 58

The Point System is based on skill sets that a potential immigrant requires to be a positive contributer to Canada’s society and Economy

Answer 59

1. Opening statement should state the title and type of the graph (Country and Year) 2. A general statement should be written about what type of pyramid is it. (Expansive, Stationary, Constructive) 3. 1 to 3 statements should be written about the male/female composition 4. 1 to 3 statements should be written about the “age” compostition 5. Closing statements should focus on the concerns that the population may have (Ex: more retirement homes, housing) ** A minimum of 5 statements** **Be sure to support your findings with data**

Answer 60

Immigration is influenced by *economic conditions*, with **increased immigration during good economic times** and **decreased during poor economic times**, as a strong economy creates jobs for potential immigrants.

Answer 61

In 1914, Canada developed **"The Great Western Expansion"** *the strategy was to offer free land in the praries for immigrants and provide them citizenship.* This worked for 3 reasons **1. Free land provided a way of life** **2. World war 1 displaced many people and therefore were looking for a place to settle** **3. Many Eastern Europeans were looking to escape Communism**

Answer 62

Someone entering the country who has the legal right to immediate citizenship by virtue of the Law of Return 67 Points

Answer 63

A family memeber that has sponsored the potential immigrant to become a family immigrant 0 Points

Answer 64

People who have fled war, violence, conflict or persecution and have crossed an international border to find safety in another country. 0 Points

Answer 65

Study of population numbers, distribution, trends, and issues

Answer 66

Measurement that combines both Natural Increase and Net Migration to calculate the overall growth of a country’s population **(Natural Increase + Net Migration)**

Answer 67

Difference between the Birth Rate and the Death Rate of a country **(Birth Rate - Death Rate)**

Answer 68

Difference between people Immigrating to a country and people Emigrating from the same country **(Immigration - Emigration)**

Answer 69

To move permanetly to a country other than one’s native country

Answer 70

To leave your country of orgin to live permanetly in another country

Answer 71

Number of births per 1000 people

Answer 72

Number of Deaths per 1000 people

Answer 73

Number of new canadians who have immigrated here from another country per 1000 people of Canada’s population

Answer 74

Number of people per 1000 population in one year who emigrate

Answer 75

(Demographics) how long it would take for a countrys population to double at the countrys current rate of population growth

Answer 76

In demographics, process whereby you divide 70 by the population growth rate to estimate how many years it will take for a country’s population to double

Answer 77

Proportion of the population that is not in the workforce; total number of people 14 and under + 65 and over **(Young and Old class)**

Answer 78

Graph that depicts population distribution by age and sex (gender)

Answer 79

The presence of many different cultures in a society

Answer 80

Parts of a city that tend to be dominated by one culture (Ex: Chinatown)

Answer 81

The customs and habits immigrants still practice in the new country

Answer 82

The problems or issues immigrants face upon immediately entering a new country (climate)

Answer 83

Factors that discourage people from immigrating. (Ex: government, language, money, family, distance, climate)

Answer 84

Once you become an American Citizen, you are considered to be American and become part of the American Population

Answer 85

Even though we are one population, we also identify with our orgin or native country

Exam Review Flashcards

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