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Vet Term Final Exam > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Ventral

A

The belly or underside of a body

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2
Q

Cranial

A

Towards the head

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3
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the tail

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4
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the back

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5
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the point of attachment (origin) to the body than another structure
Think: proximity

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6
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure
Think: distance

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7
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Space in the skull that contains the brain

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8
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Space within the spinal column that contains the spinal cord

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9
Q

Thoracic (chest) cavity

A

Space within the ribs b/w the neck and diaphragm that contains the heart & lungs

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10
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Space between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity that contains the major organs of digestion

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11
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Space that contains sigmoid colon, rectum and anus, urinary bladder and reproductive organs

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12
Q

Serous membrane

A
  • Think, slippery tissue lines the walls of body cavities and covers the organs within them
  • Double-layered
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13
Q

Visceral serous membrane

A

The inner membrane in contact with the organ

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14
Q

Parietal serous membrane

A

The outer membrane which lines the cavity

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15
Q

What 2 organs are retroperitoneal?

A

Kidneys and pancreas

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16
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into cranial and caudal parts.

AKA horizontal or cross-sectional plane.

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17
Q

Dorsal plane/ coronal plane/ frontal plane

A

Plane that divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) parts.

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18
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body into right and left sides

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19
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Passes through the midline of the body and divides it into equal right and left sides

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20
Q

What are 4 basic types of tissue?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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21
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts

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22
Q

Connective tissue

A

Protects and supports the body and organs. Binds organs together, stores energy reserves as fat and provides immunity

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23
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Movement and generation of force

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24
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Action potentials & nerve impulses

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25
Two types of striated muscle?
Skeletal and cardiac
26
What are the two exceptions of skeletal muscle?
Bladder and diaphragm
27
T/F: Skeletal muscles contain gap junctions.
False
28
Describe the cells in smooth muscle.
Within cells actin, myosin, and tropomyosin are present, but troponin is absent.
29
Where are single unit smooth muscles found?
Hollow organs and vessel walls
30
Where are multi unit smooth muscles found?
Ciliary bodies in the eye
31
Peripheral nervous system divides into which two divisions?
Sensory afferent, Motor efferent
32
``` Which type of muscles are innervated by the somatic nervous system? A. Cardiac B. Multi smooth C. Single smooth D. Skeletal ```
Skeletal
33
The sensory afferent division further splits into?
Somatic sensory and visceral sensory
34
The motor efferent division further splits into?
Somatic nervous system and Autonomic nervous system
35
ANS branches into?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
36
Where do afferent neurons send signals?
To the CNS
37
What do interneurons do?
Integrate the information
38
What do efferent neurons do?
Take the information away (sends out the message)
39
The maintenance of healthy epidermis depends upon 3 processes being synchronized?
1. Desquamation (shedding) of keratinized cells from the surface 2. Keratinization of cells from the surface 3. Continued cell division in the deeper layers with newly formed cells pushed to the surface
40
What are the 3 main cell types that make up the dermis?
Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells
41
Fibroblasts
Cells that form connective tissue.
42
Macrophages
White blood cells that provide vital defense for the body.
43
Mast cells
Produce histamine and heparin
44
Systole
Contraction and emptying phase
45
Diastole
Relaxation and filling phase
46
Venous return
Volume of blood returned to the atrium (L/min)
47
Stroke volume
Volume ejected per beat (ml)
48
Cardiac output
Volume ejected per min (L/min)
49
Distributing vessels
Arteries
50
Resistance vessels
Arterioles
51
Innervated by SNS
Arterioles
52
Solve for MAP
MAP = 1/3 pulse pressure + diastolic pressure | pulse pressure = systolic – diastolic pressures
53
Flow (Q) equation
Q = ∆ P / R
54
3 functions of lymphatic system
Tissue drainage, absorption, immunity
55
Loose lymphoid tissue
No fixed structure, many lymphocytes
56
Where is MALT found?
Throughout the GI tract, and the respiratory tract, all systems of the body exposed to the external environment
57
Example of nodules
Tonsils
58
Aggregated Lymphoid Follicles (Peyer’s Patches)
Large collections of lymphoid tissue found in small | intestine protect against swallowed antigens
59
Lymph node
Oval or bean-shaped organs that lie, often in groups, along the length of lymph vessels
60
Spleen
Largest lymph organ
61
Spleen functions
Phagocytosis, store blood and platelets, immune response
62
Filariasis
Edema of tissue due to blockage of lymph vessels by filarial worms. Also known as elephantiasis
63
Conducting zone
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
64
Respiratory zone
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
65
Where does gas exchange take place?
Respiratory zone
66
Primary bronchus
C-shaped cartilage & smooth muscle
67
What happens during inspiration?
Diaphragm contracts, ribs move up and out
68
What happens in the anatomical dead space?
No gas exhange
69
Cortex
Filtration occurs
70
Renal medulla
Concentrates urine
71
Renal pelvis
Collects urine and delivers it to the ureter and bladder
72
Proximal convoluted tubule
site of reabsorption
73
Loop of Henle
Concentration of urine
74
Distal convoluted tubule
Reabsorb Na+ and water to maintain ECF and electrolyte balance
75
Collecting duct
Collects urine, drains into renal pelvis
76
Glomerulus
Plasma filtration- glomerular filtration
77
Urinary filtration rate
filtration rate – reabsorption rate + secretion rate
78
Filtration
Occurs due to pressure differences
79
How much glucose is supposed to be in urine normally?
None!
80
Where does tubular secretion occur?
Convoluted tubules

Vet Term Final Exam (3 decks)

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