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Vet Term Final Exam > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Ventral

A

The belly or underside of a body

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2
Q

Cranial

A

Towards the head

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3
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the tail

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4
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the back

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5
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the point of attachment (origin) to the body than another structure
Think: proximity

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6
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure
Think: distance

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7
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Space in the skull that contains the brain

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8
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Space within the spinal column that contains the spinal cord

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9
Q

Thoracic (chest) cavity

A

Space within the ribs b/w the neck and diaphragm that contains the heart & lungs

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10
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Space between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity that contains the major organs of digestion

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11
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Space that contains sigmoid colon, rectum and anus, urinary bladder and reproductive organs

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12
Q

Serous membrane

A
  • Think, slippery tissue lines the walls of body cavities and covers the organs within them
  • Double-layered
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13
Q

Visceral serous membrane

A

The inner membrane in contact with the organ

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14
Q

Parietal serous membrane

A

The outer membrane which lines the cavity

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15
Q

What 2 organs are retroperitoneal?

A

Kidneys and pancreas

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16
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into cranial and caudal parts.

AKA horizontal or cross-sectional plane.

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17
Q

Dorsal plane/ coronal plane/ frontal plane

A

Plane that divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) parts.

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18
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body into right and left sides

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19
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Passes through the midline of the body and divides it into equal right and left sides

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20
Q

What are 4 basic types of tissue?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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21
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts

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22
Q

Connective tissue

A

Protects and supports the body and organs. Binds organs together, stores energy reserves as fat and provides immunity

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23
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Movement and generation of force

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24
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Action potentials & nerve impulses

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25
Q

Two types of striated muscle?

A

Skeletal and cardiac

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26
Q

What are the two exceptions of skeletal muscle?

A

Bladder and diaphragm

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27
Q

T/F: Skeletal muscles contain gap junctions.

A

False

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28
Q

Describe the cells in smooth muscle.

A

Within cells actin, myosin, and tropomyosin are present, but troponin is absent.

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29
Q

Where are single unit smooth muscles found?

A

Hollow organs and vessel walls

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30
Q

Where are multi unit smooth muscles found?

A

Ciliary bodies in the eye

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31
Q

Peripheral nervous system divides into which two divisions?

A

Sensory afferent, Motor efferent

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32
Q 
Which type of muscles are innervated by the somatic
nervous system?
A. Cardiac
B. Multi smooth
C. Single smooth
D. Skeletal
A

Skeletal

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33
Q

The sensory afferent division further splits into?

A

Somatic sensory and visceral sensory

34
Q

The motor efferent division further splits into?

A

Somatic nervous system and Autonomic nervous system

35
Q

ANS branches into?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

36
Q

Where do afferent neurons send signals?

A

To the CNS

37
Q

What do interneurons do?

A

Integrate the information

38
Q

What do efferent neurons do?

A

Take the information away (sends out the message)

39
Q

The maintenance of healthy epidermis depends upon 3 processes being synchronized?

A
  1. Desquamation (shedding) of keratinized cells from the surface
  2. Keratinization of cells from the surface
  3. Continued cell division in the deeper layers with newly formed cells pushed to the surface
40
Q

What are the 3 main cell types that make up the dermis?

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells

41
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Cells that form connective tissue.

42
Q

Macrophages

A

White blood cells that provide vital defense for the body.

43
Q

Mast cells

A

Produce histamine and heparin

44
Q

Systole

A

Contraction and emptying phase

45
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation and filling phase

46
Q

Venous return

A

Volume of blood returned to the atrium (L/min)

47
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume ejected per beat (ml)

48
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume ejected per min (L/min)

49
Q

Distributing vessels

A

Arteries

50
Q

Resistance vessels

A

Arterioles

51
Q

Innervated by SNS

A

Arterioles

52
Q

Solve for MAP

A

MAP = 1/3 pulse pressure + diastolic pressure

pulse pressure = systolic – diastolic pressures

53
Q

Flow (Q) equation

A

Q = ∆ P / R

54
Q

3 functions of lymphatic system

A

Tissue drainage, absorption, immunity

55
Q

Loose lymphoid tissue

A

No fixed structure, many lymphocytes

56
Q

Where is MALT found?

A

Throughout the GI tract, and the respiratory tract, all systems of the body exposed to the external
environment

57
Q

Example of nodules

A

Tonsils

58
Q

Aggregated Lymphoid Follicles (Peyer’s Patches)

A

Large collections of lymphoid tissue found in small

intestine protect against swallowed antigens

59
Q

Lymph node

A

Oval or bean-shaped organs that lie, often in groups, along the length of lymph vessels

60
Q

Spleen

A

Largest lymph organ

61
Q

Spleen functions

A

Phagocytosis, store blood and platelets, immune response

62
Q

Filariasis

A

Edema of tissue due to blockage of lymph vessels by filarial worms. Also known as elephantiasis

63
Q

Conducting zone

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

64
Q

Respiratory zone

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs

65
Q

Where does gas exchange take place?

A

Respiratory zone

66
Q

Primary bronchus

A

C-shaped cartilage & smooth muscle

67
Q

What happens during inspiration?

A

Diaphragm contracts, ribs move up and out

68
Q

What happens in the anatomical dead space?

A

No gas exhange

69
Q

Cortex

A

Filtration occurs

70
Q

Renal medulla

A

Concentrates urine

71
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Collects urine and delivers it to the ureter and bladder

72
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

site of reabsorption

73
Q

Loop of Henle

A

Concentration of urine

74
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

Reabsorb Na+ and water to maintain ECF and electrolyte balance

75
Q

Collecting duct

A

Collects urine, drains into renal pelvis

76
Q

Glomerulus

A

Plasma filtration- glomerular filtration

77
Q

Urinary filtration rate

A

filtration rate – reabsorption rate + secretion rate

78
Q

Filtration

A

Occurs due to pressure differences

79
Q

How much glucose is supposed to be in urine normally?

A

None!

80
Q

Where does tubular secretion occur?

A

Convoluted tubules

Vet Term Final Exam (3 decks)

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