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Vet Term Final Exam > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the skeletal system made up of?

A

The bony (hard) and cartilaginous (firm) framework of the body.

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2
Q

What are functions of the bony skeleton?

A
  1. Allow locomotion by providing joints mechanical loading
  2. Calcium sink and reserve
  3. Allow attachment
  4. Protect organs
  5. Provide site for hematopoiesis
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3
Q

What 2 parts is the bony skeleton divided into?

A
  1. Axial skeleton

2. Appendicular skeleton

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4
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

Skull, mandible, hyoid, vertebral column, sternum (breast bone), and ribs.

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5
Q

What 3 structures are contained in the skull?

A

Cranium, face, mandible

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6
Q

What does the cranium do?

A

Contains the brain and protects inner and middle ear

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7
Q

What does the face do?

A

Provides platform for upper teeth, and nasal chamber.

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8
Q

What structure is attached to skull but not part of it, provides support for lower teeth, and is the only
movable bone?

A

Mandible

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9
Q

Where is the Hyoid Apparatus found?

A

Horseshoe-shaped bone lying in the soft tissues of the

neck just above the larynx and below the mandible.

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10
Q

What is the function of the Hyoid Apparatus?

A

Supports the larynx and gives attachment to the base of the tongue.

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11
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A

A series of bones, called vertebrae, designed to protect the CNS yet allow movement.

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12
Q

How are the vertebrae separated from one another?

A

By intervertebral discs made of cartilage

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13
Q

What is the most important function of the body skeleton?

A

Locomotion, the animal needs to move!

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14
Q

What type of animals have a longer facial skeleton?

A

Herbivores, such as horses

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15
Q

What contributes to the orbital structure?

A

Cranium and the face

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16
Q

T/F: The mandible is part of the skull.

A

False, it is attached to it

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17
Q

What are three different head structures?

A

Brachycephalic, Mesaticephalic, Dolicocephalic

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18
Q

What type of dog has a Brachycephalic skull?

A

Toy breeds

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19
Q

How do skull bones fuse together?

A

Via sutures

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20
Q

Rostral

A

Front of the head

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21
Q

Equal ratio lengths of cranium to facial skeleton

A

Mesaticephalic

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22
Q

What type of dog has a Mesaticephalic skull?

A

Labradors

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23
Q

Long facial skeleton relative to cranial skeleton

A

Dolicocephalic

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24
Q

What types of dogs have a Dolicocephalic skull?

A

Gun dogs, bird dogs, hunting dogs

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25
Which bone supports the incisor teeth?
Incisive bone
26
What bone provides a surgical access route into the skull?
Nasal bone
27
What is the bone between the eyes?
Frontal bone
28
What is the anatomical term that means "a wall"?
Parietal
29
What is the bone that forms the majority of the side wall of the cranium?
Parietal bone
30
Where is the occipital bone found?
Wraps around the caudal end (back) of the cranium, just behind the parietal bone
31
What is the hyoid apparatus made up of?
Series of bones and one cartilage
32
Where are the 2 "C-shapes" of the hyoid connected?
Basihyoid
33
What is the cartilage piece of the hyoid apparatus?
Tympanohyoid
34
How can the vertebral column be separated?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
35
Describe the vertebrae in the dog.
7 Cervical: Neck, smallest vertebrae 13 Thoracic: Chest, larger than cervical vertebrae 7 Lumbar: Lower back, largest of the vertebrae 3 Sacral: Fused vertebrae of lowest part of back 5+ Coccygeal: Caudal or tail
36
What are the 4 features of vertebrae?
Body, Neural arch, Spines, Facets
37
T/F: Size and shape of the vertebrae depends on location in the body.
True
38
What is the main weight bearing part of the vertebrae?
The body
39
What is the main role of the neural arch?
Protects the spinal cord
40
What do the spinous processes do?
Provide attachment for ligaments and muscles & act as levers
41
T/F: The length of the spines is roughly proportional to the weight load.
True, big spines = something big pulling on that bone
42
Facets
Joint surfaces
43
What do intervertebral discs do?
Act as shock absorbers & spreads the load
44
What does the intervertebral foramen do?
Allows exit of the spinal nerve and vessels to go in and out
45
What is the annulus fibrosus?
The tough exterior of the intervertebral disc
46
What is the annulus fibrosus made up of?
Collagen fibers
47
Which part of the disc is most likely to herniate?
Dorsal, the weakest point. --> Spinal cord compression
48
Sternum
Forms the midline ventral portion of the rib cage.
49
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid process
50
Middle portion that gives attachment to the ribs
Body
51
Cranial part that articulates with the clavicles
Manubrium
52
Most caudal sternebra with cartilage extension. Gives | attachment to muscles of the abdominal wall.
Xyphoid process
53
What forms the lateral walls of the thoracic cage?
Ribs
54
True ribs
The first set that articulate directly with the sternum
55
How do ribs join to the sternum?
Cartilage
56
Floating ribs
Do not join to the sternum
57
What is the term for ribs?
Costal
58
Appendicular skeleton
Shoulder & pelvic girdles, and front & hind limbs
59
T/F: The front limbs are jointed bone to bone to the body.
False
60
Bones of the appendicular skeleton
Scapula, clavicle (when present), humerus, radius & ulna, carpus, metacarpals & phalanges
61
Synsarcosis
Joint is held on by mostly muscle and few ligaments- shock absorber
62
Brachium
Humerus
63
Antebrachium
Ulna and Radium (forearm)
64
Carpus
Wrist
65
Manus
Hand or paw
66
Joints in the appendicular skeleton
Synsarcosis, shoulder, elbow, wrist, fetlock, pastern, coffin
67
Digit 1 in dogs
Dewclaw
68
What digits do large animals (cows) lose?
1, 2, 5
69
When digits 2 and 4 are reduced in the horse, what structures do they become?
Splint bones that line each side of the cannon bone
70
What are the bones that make up the hind limb?
Pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia & fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, bones of the pes (foot)
71
What 3 bones make up the pelvic girdle (os coxae)?
Ilium, ischium & pubis
72
Bones of the crus
Tibia and fibula
73
What are the joints of the hind limb?
Sacroiliac, hip, knee/ stifle, ankle/ hock, fetlock, pastern, coffin

Vet Term Final Exam (3 decks)

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