Exam Review Flashcards
(48 cards)
Electron affinity:
The energy released when an e is added
Ionization energy:
The energy it takes to remove an e
Atomic radius:
Distance from nucleus to outer shell
What Does electron affinity do across a period
Increases bc there r more p+ so it is harder to remove e- (less nuclear attraction)
What does electron affinity do down a family?
Decreases bc shells are further away so e- are easier to remove (less nuclear attraction)
What does ionization energy do across a period?
Increases bc there r more p+ so it is harder to remove e- (less nuclear attraction)
What does Ionization energy do down a period:
Decreases bc shells are further away so e- are easier to remove (less nuclear attraction)
What does atomic radius do across a period:
Decreases across a period bc more p+ as u go across (more nuclear attraction) shells stay same
What does atomic radius do down a family:
Increases bc # of shells increases as u go down the periodic table
Ionic characteristics:
Metalx2, non-metal + metal, total transfer of e-, ⬆️melting/boiling point, solids at room temp, hard/brittle(inorganic compounds), strong bonds, conductive, soluble, electron orbitals r separate
Covalent characteristics:
Non metals, shared e, ⬇️melting/boiling point, liquids+gases at room temp, relatively soft (organic compounds), weak bonds, don’t usually conduct, insoluble, e orbitals overlap
What happens when charge differences occur in ionic compounds:
Electrostatic attraction occurs between ions
What is formed when ions bond together (ionic bonding)
A crystal lattice structure is created with opposite charges
Polar covalent:
When sharing is not exactly equal but is still shared
Electronegativity:
The measure of tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
Electronegativity scale:
0.0 0.5. 1.7. 4
_____________________________
non polar. Polar. Ionic
What happens to electronegativity across a period:
Electronegativity ⬆️ (due to p+ increasing)
What happens to electronegativity down a family:
Electronegativity ⬆️ (due to more energy levels that our outer e-‘s farther from pull of nucleus)
Scaling factor:
scaling factor = MMmolecular
———————-
MMempirical =value
(Multiply value by each number of atoms)
%yield =
%yield= actual
———— x100
Theoretical
%c=
%c= m solute(g) / v solute(ml) x100
how to find ppm, ppb, ppt
Pp(m) = grams x 10^6
———————
Volume (ml)
Ppb= 10^9 Ppt=10^12
M/m and v/v
M/m = mass solute / mass solution V/v = v solute / v solution
Percent composition:
%element= MM element
——————— x100
MM compound
