Exam Review: Chem

Question 1

What is a molecule?

Answer 1

Two or more atoms that are chemically combined

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler chemical

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

A pure substance composed of two or more different atoms joined together

Question 4

What is a particle?

Answer 4

Any of the basic units of matter and energy

Question 5

Atoms vs Ions?

Answer 5

Atoms: No charge (neutral), balance of protons and electrons, valence either full/stable or missing/unstable

Ions: Charged, imbalance of protons and electrons, stable, full valence orbits

Both: Single particles, contain protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 6

What do ions do?

Answer 6

They form to fill valence orbits and become stable

Question 7

Ions that lose electrons…

Answer 7

Positive charge, cation

Question 8

Ions that gain electrons

Answer 8

Negative charge, anion

Question 9

What do negative ions end in?

Answer 9

“Ide” eg. Sodium FluorIDE

Question 10

Non-metal/metal ions tend to gain/lose electrons? Which is which?

Answer 10

Metals- tend to have few valence electrons, lose

Non-metals- tend to have more valence electrons, gain

Question 11

Describe ionic compounds

Answer 11

Metal + non-metal
Metals lose electrons
Non-metals gain electrons

Question 12

How do you name ionic compounds?

Answer 12

First is positive, second is negative, criss-cross the numbers, divide to get the lowest subscripts

Question 13

HOFBrINCl

Answer 13

Hydrogen
Oxygen 
Fluorine
Bromine
Iodine
Nitrogen
Chlorine

Question 14

What’s a polyatomic ion?

Answer 14

An ion made up of more than one ion that acts as a single particle

Question 15

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 15

Electrons are shared so that each element can have a full outer orbit

Question 16

Ionic compound vs Molecular compound

Answer 16

• Ionic bond
• Metal + Non-metal
• Give/take electrons
• Covalent bond
• 2 non-metals
• Electrons shared

Question 17

Molecular compound prefixes?

Answer 17

1. Mono
2. Di
3. Tri
4. Tetra
5. Penta
6. Hexa
7. Hepta
8. Octa
9. Nona
10. Deca

Question 18

If there is only one in the first element what do you do? (molecular compound)

Answer 18

Omit the prefix

Question 19

How do you draw a Lewis dot diagram?

Answer 19

1. Draw Symbol for element closest to Fluorine
2. Draw valence electrons with • or x
3. Add other atom(s) where there are gaps

Question 20

Do ionic compounds dissociate?

Answer 20

Yes.
Eg. Na+Cl-
= Na+ , Cl-

Now exist in the water by themselves
(High conductor)
Electrolytes

Question 21

Do molecular compounds dissociate?

Answer 21

Does not dissociate, remains together

Low conductor

Question 22

Synthesis Reaction

Answer 22

Cu + O2 > CuO

Question 23

Decomposition reaction

Answer 23

CuO > Cu + O

Question 24

Double displacement

Answer 24

FeS + HCl > FeCl2 + H2S

Question 25

Single displacement

Answer 25

Zn + HCl > ZnCl2 + H2

Question 26

Properties of acids and bases?

Answer 26

Acids- H+ ion (hydrogen), water soluble, sour, conductors, reacts with metals, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates Bases- OH- (hydroxide), water soluble, bitter, slippery, conductive, reacts with proteins

Question 27

Can acids and bases be conductors?

Answer 27

Yes,they both dissolve in water to form ions

Question 28

How do you name acids?

Answer 28

1. Chemical formula starts with H 2. Only one other non-metallic element 3. Add prefix "hydro" 4. Add suffix "ic" 5. Add acid at the end Eg. HCl = Hydrochloric acid

Question 29

What is an oxyacid?

Answer 29

- Contains a polyatomic ion | - Contains oxygen atom

Question 30

How do you name oxyacids?

Answer 30

Ends in "ate" - Change to "ic" Ends in "ite" - Change to "ous" Add acid on the end

Question 31

How do you name bases?

Answer 31

1. Name of positive metallic ion/polyatomic ion | 2. Acid "hydroxide" at end

Question 32

pH scale?

Answer 32

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0- most acidic 14- most basic 7- neutral

Question 33

How much does acidification and basic increase as the pH scale goes up or down?

Answer 33

Ten fold

Question 34

Describe a neutralization reaction

Answer 34

Acids and bases react to make water and a salt - Ionic compound - Double displacement reaction

Question 35

What does aqueous mean?

Answer 35

- Chemical in water - Dissociates In water or (aq) means a substance is aqueous

Question 36

What do acids and bases do relating to protons?

Answer 36

Acid: gives proton Base: takes proton

Question 37

What is an atom?

Answer 37

The smallest unit of an element