Exam Revision

Question 1

What is biomedicine?

Answer 1

A field of study that focuses on the human body’s function.

Question 2

Prokaryotic cells vs. eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

prokaryotic cells don’t have any membrane-bound organelles while eukaryotic cells do.

Question 3

Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells

Answer 3

Plant cells have a vacuole, chloroplast and a cell wall, while animal cells have lysosomes.

Question 4

Function of the Nucleus

Answer 4

stores genetic information and is the control centre of the cell.

Question 5

Function of the Mitochondria

Answer 5

powerhouse of the cell, they generate energy for the cell.

Question 6

Function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 6

Wraps around the nucleus and produces proteins for the rest of the cell.

Question 7

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

Dotted with ribosomes and produces proteins

Question 8

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 8

produces and moves lipids

Question 9

Ribosomes Function

Answer 9

Makes proteins for the cell.

Question 10

Golgi Body Function

Answer 10

Packages proteins and sends them outside the cell.

Question 11

Vacuole Function

Answer 11

Mainly found in plant cells; stores water and nutrients.

Question 12

Chloroplast Function

Answer 12

Only found in plant cells; it produces energy using photosynthesis.

Question 13

Cell Membrane Function

Answer 13

A barrier around cells that lets things in and out of the cell.

Question 14

Lysosomes Function

Answer 14

Only found in animal cells; removes waste and helps with digestion.

Question 15

Cell Wall Function

Answer 15

Surrounding the membrane only in plant cells, it holds a plant’s shape.

Question 16

Cytoplasm Function

Answer 16

A jelly-like substance that fills the cell. It protects the organelles and gives the cell its shape.

Question 17

Nucleolus Function

Answer 17

Circle inside the nucleus it produces and assembles the cell’s ribosomes.

Question 18

What are the
main Excretory organs?

Answer 18

Kidneys, bladder, pelvis, ureter, urethra

Question 19

What are lipids?

Answer 19

Fatty acids

Question 20

What are Carbohydrates?

Answer 20

Simple sugars

Question 21

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 21

Nucleotides

Question 22

What are proteins?

Answer 22

Amino acids

Question 23

What elements make lipids?

Answer 23

c - carbon
h - hydrogen
o - oxygen

Question 24

What elements make carbohydrates?

Answer 24

c - carbon
h - hydrogen
o - oxygen

Question 25

What elements make nucleic acids?

Answer 25

c - carbon h - hydrogen o - oxygen n - nitrogen p - phosphorus

Question 26

What elements make proteins?

Answer 26

c - carbon h - hydrogen o - oxygen n - nitrogen

Question 27

How to test for lipids

Answer 27

Rub the food on filter paper if it goes translucent it has lipids.

Question 28

How to test for carbohydrates

Answer 28

Add iodine to the food sample if it's blue it has carbs

Question 29

How to test for nucleic acids

Answer 29

All foods have nucleic acids

Question 30

How to test for proteins

Answer 30

Add sodium hydroxide to the food; If its purple it has protein.

Question 31

Examples of Lipids

Answer 31

fats, oils, waxes

Question 32

Examples of carbohydrates

Answer 32

bread, beans, milk, pasta

Question 33

Examples of nucleic acids

Answer 33

DNA, RNA

Question 34

Examples of proteins

Answer 34

meat, eggs, dairy

Question 35

What chemicals make up water?

Answer 35

two hydrogens, 1 oxygen H2O

Question 36

How your body uses water

Answer 36

Water helps to restore fluids lost through breathing, sweating, and the removal of waste.

Question 37

How your body loses water

Answer 37

breathing, sweating and removal of waste

Question 38

What are the 9 main parts of the heart?

Answer 38

Vena Cava, Aorta, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Valve, Pulmonary Vein, Left Atrium, Right Atrium, Left Ventricle, Right Ventricle.

Question 39

Function of the Heart

Answer 39

It pumps blood around your body.

Question 40

What are the 3 main blood vessels?

Answer 40

Capillaries, veins and arteries

Question 41

What is the smallest blood vessel?

Answer 41

capillaries

Question 42

What blood vessel takes blood away from the heart?

Answer 42

arteries

Question 43

What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood

Answer 43

Arteries

Question 44

What are the 4 components of blood?

Answer 44

plasma, platelets, red and white blood cells

Question 45

What is the role of platelets?

Answer 45

to clot blood and stop bleeding

Question 46

What is the role of white blood cells?

Answer 46

help the body fight infection and other diseases

Question 47

What is the role of a red blood cell?

Answer 47

carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body

Question 48

What is the role of plasma?

Answer 48

to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it

Question 49

What is the difference between heart rate and blood pressure?

Answer 49

The heart rate is the number of times that your heart beats per minute and your blood pressure count is how strong your blood moves through the blood vessels.

Question 50

What are the 8 types of blood?

Answer 50

A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+ and O-

Question 51

What is the universal donor and recipient?

Answer 51

Doner - O- Recipient - AB+

Question 52

Why can't you get a blood transfusion with AB+ if you have 0-?

Answer 52

Your body will have both A and B antibodies and defend itself against the AB blood.

Question 53

What are the 4 types of joints?

Answer 53

Ball and socket, fixed, pivot and hinge

Question 54

How does a ball and socket joint move?

Answer 54

it can move in a 360° circle

Question 55

How does a fixed joint move?

Answer 55

It has no movement

Question 56

How does a pivot joint move?

Answer 56

it only allows rotary movement on your axis (neck)

Question 57

How does a hinge joint move?

Answer 57

Back and Forth

Question 58

What makes up a synovial joint?

Answer 58

the ends of bones are encased in smooth cartilage

Question 59

What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum from the lowest frequency to the highest?

Answer 59

radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Question 60

What are radio waves used for?

Answer 60

television and radio broadcasts, military communications, mobile phones

Question 61

What are infrared waves used for?

Answer 61

heat sensors, thermal imaging and night vision equipment.

Question 62

What is visible light used for?

Answer 62

photography, and electronic devices.

Question 63

What is ultraviolet (UV rays) light used for?

Answer 63

killing bacteria and causes sunburn and cancer

Question 64

What are X-rays used for?

Answer 64

to diagnose fractured bones or joint dislocation.

Question 65

What are gamma rays used for?

Answer 65

radiotherapy which shrinks tumours and kills cancer cells.

Question 66

What are the 3 layers of skin?

Answer 66

Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Question 67

What is the epidermis and its function?

Answer 67

The outer layer of your skin It protects your body from harm.

Question 68

What is the dermis and its function?

Answer 68

The dermis is composed of collagen; It supports and protects the skin and deeper layers.

Question 69

What is subcutaneous tissue and its function?

Answer 69

The bottom layer of skin; insulates your body, protecting it from harm, and storing energy.

Question 70

What is the protein/substance that is missing from people with butterfly skin?

Answer 70

Collagen

Question 71

What does the lack of collagen do to people's skin?

Answer 71

the epidermis pulls away from the dermis causing blisters and scarring.

Question 72

How do UV rays damage the skin?

Answer 72

it can damage the DNA in our skin cells

Question 73

What is the flow of the urinary system?

Answer 73

Kidneys-> ureter-> bladder-> urethra

Question 74

Function of the Kidneys

Answer 74

Removes waste products from the blood to make urine.

Question 75

Function of the Bladder

Answer 75

Stores urine

Question 76

Function of the Ureters

Answer 76

Tubes to transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Question 77

Function of the Urethra

Answer 77

A tube connecting to the bladder to excrete urine.

Question 78

What is the respiratory system?

Answer 78

The network of organs and tissues that help you breathe and remove carbon dioxide.

Question 79

List 2 respiratory diseases

Answer 79

Asthma, Cystic fibrosis

Question 80

What bones are in your arm?

Answer 80

Humerus, Ulna, Radius

Question 81

What bones are in your leg?

Answer 81

Femur, Fibula, Tibia

Question 82

What protects your heart and lungs?

Answer 82

Ribs

Question 83

What protects your brain?

Answer 83

Skull

Question 84

Compact bone Function

Answer 84

Protection and strength to bones

Question 85

Spongy bone Function

Answer 85

A type of bone tissue found at the ends of long bones and in the middle of other bones, it contains red bone marrow.

Question 86

Arteries Function

Answer 86

Takes oxygen-rich blood away from the heart

Question 87

Veins

Answer 87

Brings oxygen-poor blood into the heart

Question 88

Bone Marrow

Answer 88

Found in the centre of bones, there are two types of bone marrow: red and yellow.

Question 89

Epiphyses Function and where it's found

Answer 89

The epiphysis is the rounded end of the long bone, its function is to form joints with adjacent bones.

Question 90

Diapyhses

Answer 90

The main portions of a long bone

Question 91

What is the role of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 91

To give your body movement, protection and support

Question 92

What are the 3 types of muscle?

Answer 92

Smooth, skeletal and cardiac

Question 93

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 93

In the wall of hollow organs.

Question 94

Where is skeletal muscle found?

Answer 94

Throughout the body, attached to bones via tendons.

Question 95

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 95

In the heart