Skin and Bones Test Revision

Question 1

What are the 5 Functions of the Skeletal System?

Answer 1

Movement, Support, Protection, Makes Blood and Storage

Question 2

What are the four basic bone shapes?

Answer 2

Long, Short, flat, irregular

Question 3

Four layers of the bone

Answer 3

Periosteum, Compact Bone, Spongy Bone, Bone Marrow.

Question 4

What two minerals makeup bones?

Answer 4

Calcium, phosphorus

Question 5

Clavicle

Answer 5

AKA Collarbone; Holds the shoulder joint away from the upper body.

Question 6

Scapula

Answer 6

located on the back side of the rib cage; provides movement for the arms and shoulder joint.

Question 7

What are joints?

Answer 7

A place where two bones come together and allow bones to move in different ways.

Question 8

What are immovable joints?

Answer 8

A joint that allows little or no movement.

Question 9

What are movable joints?

Answer 9

Joints that allow bones to move in different ways.

Question 10

What are the four types of moveable joints?

Answer 10

Hinge; ball-and-socket, pivot, gliding

Question 11

What is a ball and socket joint?

Give examples

Answer 11

The round end of the bone; fitting snuggly within another bone. Allows the greatest range of motion.
e.g. Shoulder and Hip

Question 12

What is a hinge joint?

Give Examples

Answer 12

Movement in one direction like a door. e.g. knee and elbow.

Question 13

What is a pivot joint?

Give Examples

Answer 13

Bone resting on top of another bone, allowing free movement. e.g. neck and wrist.

Question 14

What is a gliding joint?

Give Examples

Answer 14

Allows one bone to slide over another. It lets you bend and flex as well as limited side-to-side motions. e.g. ankle, wrist.

Question 15

What is a ligament?

Answer 15

Connects bone to bone

Question 16

What is a tendon?

Answer 16

Attaches muscles to bones.

Question 17

What is a fixed joint?

Answer 17

Form between two bits of bone and they don’t move.

Question 18

What is Cartlidge?

In what joints are they found?

Answer 18

A strong and spongy tissue. It forms around the end of ball-and-socket, hinge and pivot joints to protect the end of the bone.

Question 19

What is synovial fluid?

Answer 19

Fills the space between ends of bones in a joint. Acts as a lubricant and shock absorber.

Question 20

What does periosteum do?

Answer 20

Covers bones

Question 21

What is compact bone?

Answer 21

Lies beneath the periosteum. Filled with holes for blood vessels and nerves.

Question 22

What is Spongy Bone?

Answer 22

Beneath the compact bone. Lightweight, but strong.

Question 23

What is Bone Marrow?

Answer 23

Fills the gaps between spongy bone.

Question 24

What does red bone marrow do?

Answer 24

Produces most of the body’s blood cells.

Question 25

What does yellow bone marrow do?

Answer 25

Stores fat that serves as an energy reserve.

Question 26

What are epiphyses?

Answer 26

The rounded end of a long bone. It forms joints with adjacent bones.

Question 27

What is the role of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 27

Providing the body with structure and movement.

Question 28

What are gamma rays? | Give examples

Answer 28

Used for sterilising medical equipment and food, and detection and treatment of some cancers.

Question 29

What are x-rays? | Examples

Answer 29

Used for medical imaging and airport security scanners.

Question 30

What is ultraviolet | Give examples

Answer 30

Used for sterilising water and killing bacteria.

Question 31

What is visible light? | Give examples

Answer 31

Used for lighting, photography, and fibre optic communications.

Question 32

What is infrared? | Give examples

Answer 32

Used for short-range communications. e.g. TV remotes, and thermal imaging cameras.

Question 33

What are microwaves? | Give examples

Answer 33

Used for satellite communications and cooking food.

Question 34

What are radio waves? | Give examples

Answer 34

Used for radio and TV broadcasting and satellite communications.

Question 35

What is the electromagnetic spectrum made up of (smallest wave to biggest wave)

Answer 35

Gamma-ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, radio wave.

Question 36

What is the difference between x-rays and visible light?

Answer 36

X-rays have a higher energy than visible light and they can pass through most objects, including the body.

Question 37

Describe three common uses of medical x-rays for diagnostic purposes.

Answer 37

x-ray radiography (detecting bone fractures and foreign objects), mammography (for cancer detection and diagnosis) and CT (more detailed radiographs).

Question 38

What is the Epidermis?

Answer 38

Outside layer of skin that protects our bodies; is made of dying cells.

Question 39

What is the Dermis?

Answer 39

Below the epidermis, has hair follicles, sweat glands and blood cells.

Question 40

What is Subcutaneous Fat?

Answer 40

The bottom layer of skin, keeps the body warm and absorbs shock.

Question 41

# What do they do? How do glands help the integumentary system?

Answer 41

By releasing sweat, releasing oils, protecting hair and producing wax (earwax).

Question 42

How does the integumentary system keep the body safe? | Function

Answer 42

Eliminates waste, regulates body temperature and produces vitamin D.

Question 43

What are the parts of the integumentary system?

Answer 43

Skin, nails, hair, sweat and oil glands.

Question 44

What are the four types of tissue?

Answer 44

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous.

Question 45

What is Epithelial Tissue?

Answer 45

Covers all body surfaces.

Question 46

What is Connective Tissue?

Answer 46

Binds structures together; provides support and protection to the skin.

Question 47

What is skeletal muscle? | Describe function and appearance

Answer 47

Is elastic and works in pairs. Are striated (have horizontal/parallel markings)

Question 48

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 48

Lines hollow organs (intestines, stomach, uterus).

Question 49

What is cardiac muscle? | Sizing and markings

Answer 49

Striated (has parallel markings) but shorter and smaller.

Question 50

What is Peristeum?

Answer 50

The membrane that covers the outside of the bone.