exam - sports in international developement

Question 1

what is the difference between sport plus and plus sport?

Answer 1

• sport plus = sport comes first, developmental benefits comes second
• plus sport = development agenda first, sport is vehicle used to engage people and deliver developmental messages (coalter 2010)

Question 2

where did the idea of international development come from?

Answer 2

• Cold War - 1950s Sauvy made idea of three worlds model
• based on economic power (GDP)
• 1980s - north and south divide based on GDP - interventions to help south be at same economic rate as north

Question 3

different organisations that aid less economically developed countries

Answer 3

• gov (British
• international organisations (UK, UNIICEF, international feds)
• national and local non-gov organisations
• corporate companies
  do out and try develop SDGs in these countries

Question 4

why do organisations want to increase development of other countries?

Answer 4

• gov = diplomacy, trade, relationships
• corporate = duty to deliver impact. can aid their goals
• IFs - more people to spectate in their sport
• UN = one of the biggest federations

Question 5

UN using sport to increase development

Answer 5

• use sport to assist achieving education, gender equality, HIV/AIDS and disease reduction targets
• programmes are cost-effective contribution to health, education, development, peace

Question 6

what were the UNs 8 development goals prior to the 15 SDGs

Answer 6

1. eradicate extreme hunger and poverty
2. achieve universal primary education
3. promote gender equality and empower women
4. reduce child mortality
5. improve maternal health
6. combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. ensure environmental sustainability
8. develop global partnership for development

Question 7

why did the UN make their 8 goals?

Answer 7

• wanted to utilise power of sport and make it the forefront of their policies
• general sec - sport deserved sport to be important around world in their policies
• UN created an office of sport
• Lemke - official special adviser of sport

Question 8

international initiatives ran by UN

Answer 8

• either have sport plus or plus sport format
• scale has decreased over last few years
• before covid, over 300 programs
• after decreased not just cos of covid but other global issues like international events
• highly focused projects on youth, refugees, women and disabilities

Question 9

what are the 17 sustainable development goals?

Answer 9

1. no poverty
2. zero hunger
3. good health and wellbeing
4. quality education
5. gender equality
6. clean water and sanitation
7. affordable and clean energy
8. decent work and economic growth
9. industry, innovation and infrastructure
10. reduced inequalities
11. sustainable cities and communities
12. responsible consumption and production
13. climate action
14. life below water
15. life on land
16. peace, justice and strong institutions
17. partnership for the goals

Question 10

what are top-down process of SDP projects

Answer 10

• gov or higher up have idea to improve situation going on
• big organisations tackling big issues
• want to achieve positive change for many people

Question 11

what are bottom-up process of SDP projects

Answer 11

• changing practice at local level
• work with communities/individuals
• understand local needs making change on small scale

Question 12

where do they all get money to do this?

Answer 12

1. gov - uk, commonwealth development office
2. charities
3. commercial sector, sponsors, partners, funds from mega events
   - lots of initiatives rely on generosity of volunteers

Question 13

what are some initiatives ran by British gov

Answer 13

1. DFID/UK sport - go sisters
2. UK sport/british council/unicef - international inspiration
3. british council - development of PE in Iraq

Question 14

initiatives ran by international federations

Answer 14

• IAAF kids athletics
• IFNA netball safari

Question 15

SDP projects funded by comic relief and UK sport

Answer 15

• the kids league in Uganda
• puraajak in india
• magic bus in india
• EMIMA in Tanzania
• KCCC in kampala

Question 16

what was the SDP project that came of the back of the London olympics

Answer 16

• international inspiration
• reach young people around world and connect them with games so they’re inspired to choose sport
• ongoing in countries till 2014
• sport as vehicle to reach more than 20 countries
• increase PA and education of important of PA
• partners involved: British council, uk sport, Unicef
• international partners important to know local politics and situations

Question 17

what would I country want to be involved in an SDP and what to consider

Answer 17

• increase work in local area
• dedicated personnel
• convos with local Govs and have granted access
• British had great partners across world

Question 18

sources of funding

Answer 18

• public, private and social snd sometimes voluntary
• one the SDP project has implemented what it needs is the legacy going to be long lasting, what do you do with the people working, how do we know the education we taught won’t revert back to old ways
• needs a long lasting legacy not stop the moment funding stops

Question 19

key challenges/barriers implementing SDP projects

Answer 19

• duplication of efforts - who is responsible for what, understand the landscape and how they work in their country
• cultural norms - sensitive of community and your not imposing yourself or your norms onto them
• planning process - whose inout actually matters and how do you work together
• language - issue with communication, need to speak native tongue, translate and educate how to speak to locals and gain trust
• sustainability - will programme service without external funds
• funding - how to find it and meeting the funders expectations
• monitoring and evaluation

need to know how to overcome them and mitigate

Question 20

what are concerns with using SDP projects

Answer 20

• chen 2018, sport can be a vehicle not end goal
• great to begin with - not always sustainable despite success and limited achievement (when funding runs out when funding expires and people go back to home will it die out?)
• solid plan when developing and SDP - mitigate issues, impotent sport and how to use sport to achieve SD goal. need cor extrinsic values more than sport - sport is just a medium. SDP needs to be sound
• traditional model of development flawed, collison et al 2016
• HIV/AIDS = many SDP for this. not a lot of evidence the projects benefited local peoples educated, reduce rates and research is sparse and not concrete - not planned Ron implemented well

Question 21

Coalter 2010

Answer 21

• new approaches contain dangers
• confuse micro-level outcomes and more macro-level impacts
• solving broad problems with small interventions
• sport-for-development movement (used to address aspects of UNs millennium goals
• sport necessary but not on own
• sport-for-development organisations convince UN contribution sport can make (8 MDGs)

Question 22

Kidd 2008 v levermore 2008

Answer 22

• 3 approaches for sport-for-development initiatives
  1. sports coaching, equip, facilities central concern (NIF supports sport for all in Tanzania)
  2. humanitarian assistance fund raising in sport used to give aid for refugees (UNICEF and Barco FC)
  3. sport for development and peace movement for individual and community development

1. traditional sport provision - inherent developmental properties
2. sport plus - maximise potentials to reach goals
3. plus sport use as add on to attract young ppl to education programmes

Question 23

jones & smith 2021

Answer 23

• peacebuilding
• sport for development and peace
• SDP projects as tools in past-conflict communities
• how much impact is sport having on wider communities
• top-down neoliberalism fails to address global inequality
• peace players and football peace
• choice of sport can be problematic
• location of country is key - other than countries bring LICs no other link in terms of geography, language or religion
• issue with who benefits