Exam Three Flashcards

Question

Opioids | Intoxication

Answer 1

1. Sx consistent with half life of most opioid drugs and lasts for several hours 2. Initial euphoria, followed by apathy, dysphoria, psychomotor agitation or retardation, and impaired judgement 3. Pupillary constriction, drowsiness, slurred speech and impairment in attention/memory 4. Severe opioid intox can lead to respiratory depression, coma, and death

Answer 2

1. Short acting (heroin): sx occur within 6-8hrs, peak 1-3 days, and gradually subside 5-10 days 2. Longer-acting (methadone): sx occur 1-3 days, peak 4-6 days, and gradually subside 14-21 days 3. Ultra-short-acting meperidine: sx quickly, peak 8-12 hrs, and subside 4-5 days 4. Withdrawal sx a. Dysphoria, muscle aches, N/V, rhinorrhea, pupillary dilation, insomnia, piloerection, sweating, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, yawnin, fever

Answer 3

1. Narcotic Antagonists a. Nalxone b. Naltrexone c. Nalmefene 2. Buprenorphine 3. Methadone 4. Clonidine

Answer 4

1. Marijuana 2. Hashish 3. Hash oil

Answer 5

1. CV - tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension 2. Respiratory - deleterious effects on lungs 3. Reproductive - decreased sperm count, suppression in ovulation 4. CNS 5. Sexual functioning - enhance sexual experience

Answer 6

1. Sx include imparied motor coordination, euphoria, anxiety, sensation of slowed time, and impaired judgement 2. Physical sx: conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth, and tachycardia 3. Impaired motor skills lasts for 8-12 hours

Answer 7

1. Sx occur within a week following cessation 2. Include: irritability, anger, aggression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, decreased appetite, depressed mood, stomach pain, tremors, sweating, fever, chills, headache

Answer 8

1. Benzos | 2. Antipsychotics

Answer 9

i. Amphetamines (adderall, MDMA, crystal meth) ii. Synthetic stim (bath salts) iii. Non-amphetamine stim (diet pills, ritalin) iv. Cocaine v. Caffeine vi. Nicotine vii. Many addicts began using for the appetite suppressant effect in an attempt to control weight

Answer 10

1. CNS - tremor, restlessness, anorexia, insomnia, agitation, and increased motor activity 2. CV - increased BP and HR 3. Pulmonary 4. GI and renal - constipation and diuresis 5. Sexual functioning - increase sexual urges; some men experience dysfunction with use of stimulants

Answer 11

1. Amphetamine and cocaine a. Euphoria, impaired judgement, confusion, and changes in VS b. Possible coma or death with excessive amounts 2. Caffeine a. Occurs at doses over 250 mg b. Restlessness and insomnia

Answer 12

1. Amphetamines and cocaine a. dysphoria , fatigue, sleep disturbance, and increased appetite 2. Caffeine a. Headache, fatigue, drowsiness, irritability, muscle pain and stiffness, N/V 3. Nicotine a. Dysphoria, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, irritability, restlessness, increased appetite

Answer 13

1. Tranquilizers/sedatives 2. Anticonvulsants 3. Antidepressants

Answer 14

i. Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are found in substances such a fuels, solvents, adhesives, aerosol propellants, and paint thinners ii. Highest use: 12-17 year olds iii. Huffing, bagging, and inhaling

Answer 15

1. Cause CNS and PNS damage 2. Ataxia, neuropathy, speech problems, and tremors 3. Coughing and wheezing to dyspnea, emphysema, and pneumonia 4. N/V 5. Rash around nose and mouth 6. Acute and chronic renal failure

Answer 16

1. Dizziness, ataxia, muscle weakness 2. Euphoria, excitation, disinhibition, slurred speech 3. Nystagmus, blurred or double vision 4. Psychomotor retardation, hypoactive reflexes 5. Supor, coma

Answer 17

vi. Mild withdrawal, but not clinically significant

Answer 18

1. Naturally occurring (psilocybin, salvia) | 2. Synthetic (LSD, PCP)

Answer 19

1. Physiological: N/V, chills, pupil dilation, increased BP, loss of appetite, elevated blood sugar, decreased respirations 2. Psychological: heightened response to color and sound, distorted vision, sense of slowed time, magnified feelings, panic, euphoria, peace, depersonalization, derealization, increased libido

Answer 20

1. Occurs during or shortly after use 2. Sx: perceptual alteration, depersonalization, derealization, tachycardia, and palpitations 3. Sx: belligerence and assaultiveness, may proceed to seizures or coma

Answer 21

1. Benzos | 2. Antipsychotics

Answer 22

10-15% of nurses

Answer 23

i. Sacrifice their own needs for the fulfillment of others to achieve a sense of control ii. Derives self-worth from others iii. Feels responsible for the happiness of others iv. Commonly denies that problems exist v. Keeps feelings in control and often releases anxiety in the form of stress-related illnesses or compulsive behaviors (eating, spending, working, using substances, etc)

Answer 24

i. Caretaking ii. Perfectionism iii. Denial iv. Poor communication

Answer 25

i. Survival stage: must let go of the denial that the problem exists ii. Re-identification stage: can see their true selves through a break in the denial; take responsibility for own dysfunctional behavior iii. Core issue stage: must accept fact that relationships can’t be managed by force of will; each person must be independent and autonomous iv. Reintegration stage: self acceptance and willingness to change; reclaim the personal power they do have

Answer 26

impairments in measured intellectual performance and adaptive skills across multiple domains

Answer 27

i. General intellectual functioning: clinical assessment and IQ tests ii. Adaptive functioning: ability to complete ADLs and meet expectations of their age group iii. Severity measured by 1. IQ level 2. Self care ability 3. Cog and educational abilities 4. Social and communication capabilities 5. Psychomotor capabilities

Answer 28

iv. 85% of ID population is mild | 1. Can learn reading, writing, and math skills between 3-6 grade level. May have jobs and live independently

Answer 29

v. 10% is moderate 1. Can learn some basic reading and writing. Able to learn functional skills such as safety and self-help. Require some supervision

Answer 30

vi. 5% is severe 1. Unable to read or write, may have some self help skills. Require supervision with daily activities and living environment

Answer 31

vii. 1% is profound | 1. Require intense support. May be able to communicate. May have medical needs that require ongoing nursing and therapy

Answer 32

a withdrawal of the child into self and into a fantasy world of own creation

Answer 33

i. Impairment in social interaction 1. Show little interest in people - less cooperative play and fewer friendships ii. Impairment in communication and imaginative ability 1. Both verbal and nonverbal skills are affected. Language may be completely absent in more severe levels iii. Restricted activities and interests 1. Changes are met with resistance/agitation. Repetitive body movements or verbalizations is common. Consuming excessive fluids and only eating specific foods. Self-injurious behaviors may be evident

Answer 34

1. Protecting the child from self harm 2. Improvement in social functioning 3. Improvement in communication 4. Enhancement of personal identity

Answer 35

i. Risperidone (risperdal) 1. SE: drowsiness, inc appetite, nasal congestion, fatigue, constipation, drooling, dizziness, weight gain 2. Serious SE: NMS, tardive dyskinesia, hyperglycemia, and diabetes ii. Aripiprazole (abilify) 1. SE: sedation, fatigue, weight gain, vomiting, somnolence, tremor iii. Targeted for: aggression, deliberate self-injury, temper tantrums, quickly changing moods

Answer 36

developmentally inappropriate degrees of inattention, impulsiveness, hyperactivity difficult to dx in younger than 4

Answer 37

1. predominantly inattentive 2. Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive 3. Combined

Answer 38

i. Oppositional defiant disorder 1. Occurs 50% of the time in those with inattention AND hyperactivity ii. Conduct disorder iii. Anxiety iv. Depression v. Bipolar vi. Substance use disorder vii. Managing 1. Depression and anxiety can be tx’d with ADHD tx 2. Substance use and bipolar must be stabilized before ADHD tx

Answer 39

1. Consistent rules and structure, predictability 2. Parent training 3. Relaxation training and stress management 4. Individual cog behavioral therapy

Answer 40

1. CNS stimulants a. Amphetamine-based meds (adderall) b. Methylphenidate-based meds (ritalin) c. SE: insomnia, anorexia, weight loss, tachycardia, decrease in rate of growth/development d. Contraindicated in children with cardiac problems 2. Atomoxetine (strattera) a. Inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine b. Monitor for signs of liver dysfunction 3. Buproprion (wellbutrin) 4. Clonidine and guanfacine a. Stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors in the brain

Answer 41

excessive anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached

Answer 42

1. Onset may occur as early as preschool age 2. Child has difficulty separating from the mother 3. Separation results in tantrums, crying, screaming, complaints of physical problems, and clinging behavior 4. reluctance/refusal to attend school is especially common in adolescence 5. Younger children may shadow 6. Worrying is common 7. Nightmares may occur 8. Specific phobias aren't uncommon 9. Fear of sleeping away from home

Answer 43

i. Behavioral therapy ii. Family therapy iii. Group therapy iv. Psychopharmacology for anxiety sx

Answer 44

persistent pattern of angry mood and defiant behavior

Answer 45

1. stubbornness , procrastination 2. Disobedience, negativism 3. Carelessness, testing of limits 4. Resistance to directions 5. Unwillingness to cooperate 6. Running away 7. School avoidance and underachievement 8. Temper tantrums, fighting, and argumentativeness 9. Impaired interpersonal relationships

Answer 46

i. If power and control are issues for parents, or if they exercise authority for their own needs, a power struggle can be established between parents and child - sets stage for development of ODD

Answer 47

i. Behavioral therapy ii. Family therapy iii. Group therapy iv. Play therapy v. Pharm tx: only for comorbid conditions that exacerbate ODD

Answer 48

i. Essential feature: presence of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics ii. Boys > girls iii. Onset may be as early as 2, but typically around 6 or 7

Answer 49

1. Simple motor tics include eye blinking, neck jerking, shoulder shrugging, and facial grimacing 2. Complex motor tics include squatting, hopping, skipping, tapping, and retracing steps 3. Vocal tics include words or sounds such as squeaks, grunts, barks, sniffs, snorts, coughs, and rare: cursing 4. Palilalia - repeating own words/sounds 5. Echolalia - repeating what others say

Answer 50

i. Antipsychotics (risperidone, haloperidol) ii. Alpha agonists (clonidine) iii. Pharm intervention is most effective when combined with 1. Behavioral therapy 2. Individual counseling or psychotherapy 3. Family therapy

Answer 51

persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others and major age appropriate societal norms/rules are violated

Answer 52

i. Prevalence rises from childhood to adolescence and is more common in males than females

Answer 53

i. Parental rejection ii. Inconsistent management with harsh discipline iii. Parental sociopathy iv. Lack of parental supervision v. Frequent changes in residence vi. Economic stressors vii. Parents with antisocial personality disorder, alcohol dependence viii. Marital conflict and divorce

Answer 54

i. Behavioral therapy ii. Family therapy iii. Group therapy

Answer 55

occurs when there is incongruence between biological/assigned gender and one’s experienced/expressed gender

Answer 56

1. Behaviors that indicate a stable gender identity | 2. Preference or insistence upon dressing in clothing stereotypical of opposite gender

Answer 57

1. The individual has the self perception of being the opposite gender 2. He or she does not feel comfortable wearing the clothing of his or her assigned gender and often engages in cross dressing 3. He or she may find his or her own genitals repugnant 4. He or she may repeatedly submit requests to the healthcare system for hormonal and surgical gender reassignment 5. Depression and anxiety are common

Answer 58

1. Increasing peer support and acceptance 2. Treating co-occurring mental health concerns 3. Reducing the likelihood of gender dysphoria in adulthood

Answer 59

1. Suicide prevalence 2. Some seek therapy to learn how to cope with altered sexual identity 3. Some desire hormonal therapy and surgical gender reassignment a. Extensive psychological testing and counseling b. Live in the role of the desired gender for 2 years c. Hormonal therapy d. Sex reassignment surgery i. Maintain comfort, preventing infection, preserving integrity of the surgical site, maintaining elimination, meeting nutritional needs ii. Psychosocial needs- body image, fears and insecurities about relating to others, and being accepted in the new gender role

Answer 60

a. Repetitive or preferred sexual fantasies and behaviors that involve: (over the last 6 months) i. Preference for use of nonhuman object ii. Sexual activity with humans involving real or simulated suffering or humiliation iii. Repetitive sexual activity with nonconsenting partners b. Many are illegal sex acts

Answer 61

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the exposure of one’s genitals to an unsuspecting individual; masturbation may occur during the exhibitionism

Answer 62

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the use of either inanimate objects or specific non-genital body parts: sexual focus on objects intimately associated with the human body fetish object is usually used during masturbation or incorporated into sexual activity with another person in order to produce sexual excitation

Answer 63

recurrent and intense sexual arousal involving touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person. Sexual excitement is derived from the actual touching or rubbing not from the coercive nature of the act

Answer 64

sexual arousal from prepubescent or early pubescent children equal to or greater than that derived from physically mature persons. Lasts at least 6 month and is manifested by fantasies or sexual urges on which the individual has acted or which cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupation, or other important areas of functioning- age of molester is at least 16 years and he or she is at least 5 years older than the child

Answer 65

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer- masochistic activities may be fantasized and may be performed alone or with a partner

Answer 66

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another individual. The sadistic activities may be fantasized or acted on with a consenting or nonconsenting partner. Sexual excitation occurs in response to the suffering of the victim. Restraint, beating, burning, rape, cutting, torture, and even killing

Answer 67

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from dressing in the clothes of the opposite gender. Commonly a heterosexual man who keeps a collection of women’s clothing that he intermittently uses to dress in when alone

Answer 68

recurrent and intense sexual arousal involving the act of observing an unsuspecting individual who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity. Sexual excitement is achieved through the act of looking and non contact with the person is attempted. Masturbation usually accompanies the “window peeping” but may occur later as the individual fantasizes about the act

Answer 69

1. Blocking or decreasing the level of circulating androgens 2. Antiandrogenic medications are the progestin derivatives that block testosterone synthesis or block androgen receptor

Answer 70

1. Client is helped to identify unresolved conflicts and traumas from early childhood, thus resolving the anxiety that prevents him or her from forming appropriate sexual relationships

Answer 71

1. Aversion techniques- involves pairing noxious stimuli such as eclectic shocks and bad odors with the impulse which then diminishes 2. Skills training and cognitive restructuring in an effort to change the individual’s maladaptive beliefs 3. Imaginal desensitization- learns how to achieve a state of relaxation while recalling situations that triggered paraphilic behavior, with the idea that relaxation will lead to less impulsivity in one’s behavior 4. Satiation- post orgasmic individual repeatedly fantasizes deviant behaviors to the point of saturation with the deviant stimuli, consequently making the fantasies and behavior unexciting

Answer 72

marked difficulty in obtaining or maintaining an erection during sexual activity or a decrease in erectile rigidity that interferes with sexual activity 1. Primary- man has never been able to have intercourse 2. Secondary- man has difficulty getting or maintaining an erection but has been able to have vaginal and anal intercourse at least once

Answer 73

marked delay in, infrequency, or absence of orgasm during sexual activity, reduced intensity of orgasmic sensation 1. Anorgasmia 2. Lasts 6 months and causes individual significant distress 3. Primary- never experienced orgasm by any kind of stimulation 4. Secondary- has experienced at least one orgasm, regardless of the means of stimulation, but no longer does so

Answer 74

delay in ejaculation or marked infrequency or absence of ejaculation during partnered sexual activity: man is unable to ejaculate even though he has a firm erection and has had more than adequate stimulation 1. Only occasional problems ejaculation- secondary 2. History of never having experienced an orgasm- primary

Answer 75

persistent or recurrent ejaculation occurring within one minute of beginning partnered sexual activity and before the person wishes it

Answer 76

reduced or absent interest or pleasure in sexual activity; typically does not initiate sexual activity and is commonly unreceptive to the partner’s attempts to initiate; absence of sexual thoughts or fantasies and absent or reduced arousal in response to sexual or erotic cues

Answer 77

persistent or recurrent deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity; conflict may occur if one partner wants to have sexual relations more often than the other does

Answer 78

: individual experiences considerable difficulty with vaginal intercourse and attempts at penetration; pain is felt in the vagina, around the vaginal entrance and clitoris, or deep in the pelvis; there is a fear and anxiety associated with anticipation or pain or vaginal penetration 1. Lifelong- present since the individual became sexually active 2. Acquired- began after a period of relatively normal sexual function

Answer 79

occurs after substance intoxication or withdrawal, or after exposure to a medication; may involve pain, imapired desire, impaired arousal, or impaired orgasm 1. Alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, sedative, hypnotics, anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihypertensives

Answer 80

a. Decreased levels of serum testosterone in men b. Elevated levels of serum prolactin in men and women c. Certain medications d. Alcohol and cocaine

Answer 81

a. Certain medications (decreased arousal in women) b. Various medical conditions may cause erectile disorder in men c. Medications (ED) d. Chronic alcohol use

Answer 82

a. Some medications b. Medical conditions (depression, diabetes) c. In men delayed orgasm may be related to i. Surgery of the genitourinary tract ii. Neurological disorders iii. Diabetes d. Early ejaculation may be related to i. Infections ii. Neurological disorders

Answer 83

a. In women i. Intact hymen ii. Episiotomy scar iii. Vaginal and urinary tract infection iv. Ligament injuries v. Endometriosis vi. Ovarian cysts or tumors b. In men i. Infections, phimosis (foreskin cannot be pulled back), prostate problems

Answer 84

1. Sexual desire disorder: individual and relationship factors, fears associated with sex, history of sexual abuse, chronic stress, anxiety, depression, aging related concerns

Answer 85

anxiety, fear, developmental factors, religious factors, relationship problems, fears of becoming pregnant or of damage to the vagina, rejection by the sexual partner, hostility toward men, feelings of guilt regarding sexual impulses

Answer 86

anticipatory pain, coming from a religious background, traumatic sexual experiences

Answer 87

1. Testosterone 2. Cognitive therapy 3. Behavioral therapy 4. Relationship therapy

Answer 88

1. Sensate focus exercises a. Couple is instructed to take turns caressing each other’s bodies but avoid touching breasts and genitals and to focus on the sensations of being touched

Answer 89

1. Sensate focus exercises 2. Group therapy 3. Hypnotherapy 4. Systematic desensitization 5. Testosterone, yohimbine 6. Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil 7. Penile implantation

Answer 90

1. Sensate focus exercises 2. Directed masturbation training, vibrator use, bibliotherapy, communication skills training, visualization, and kegel exercises

Answer 91

1. Sensate focus | 2. Masturbatory training

Answer 92

1. Sensate focus exercises 2. “Squeeze” technique- when the man reaches the point of imminent ejaculation, the woman is instructed to apply the squeeze technique-- applying pressure at the base of the glans' pen with her thumb and first two fingers. Pressure is held for about 4 second and then released

Answer 93

1. Physical and gynecological examination 2. Education of the women and her partner regarding the anatomy and physiology of the disorder 3. Systematic desensitization with dilators of graduated sizes-- client is taught a series of tensing and relaxing exercises aimed at relaxation of the pelvis musculature. Relaxation of the pelvic muscles if followed by a procedure involving the systematic insertion of dilators of graduated sizes until the women is able to accept the penis into the vagina without discomfort 4. Identification and treatment of any relationship problems

Answer 94

i. Decline in ovarian function ii. Reduced production of estrogen iii. Vaginal dryness iv. Menopausal sx v. Some women take HRT

Answer 95

i. Decline in testosterone production ii. Erectile dysfunction iii. Decrease in testicular size iv. Decrease in ejaculate amount v. Viable sperm are produced into old age

Answer 96

a. Encourages client to think and reflect on past b. Clients who participate in this have increased self-esteem and are less likely to suffer from depression c. Helps older adults to work through their losses and maintain self esteem

Answer 97

disturbance in level of awareness and a change in cognition that develops rapidly over a short period of time – sometimes called temporary dementia or reversible neurocognitive disorder

Answer 98

i. Infections ii. Febrile illness iii. Metabolic disorders iv. Head trauma v. Seizures vi. Migraine headaches vii. Brain abscess viii. Electrolyte imbalance ix. Stroke x. Substance induced 1. May be caused by intoxication or withdrawal from certain substances a. Anticholinergics, antihypertensives, corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, analgesics b. Alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants c. Toxins, lead, mercury, arsenic, carbon monoxide

Answer 99

i. Determination and correction of underlying causes ii. Staff to remain with pt at all times to monitor behavior and provide reorientation and assurance iii. Room with low stimulus level iv. Low dose antipsychotic agents to relieve agitation and agression

Answer 100

a. Mild: previously termed mild cog impairment b. Major: previously called dementia c. Impairment in abstract think, judgement and impulse control d. Conventional rules of social conduct are disregarded e. Personal appearance and hygiene are neglected f. Personality changes are common g. Language may or may not be affected h. As it progresses i. Aphasia, apraxia, irritability and moodiness, inability to care for personal needs independently, wandering away from home, incontinence

Answer 101

no apparent sx, but changes are beginning to occur in the brain

Answer 102

very mild change; begins to lose things or forget names 1. Short term mem loss 2. Aware of decline – can lead to depression or anxiety

Answer 103

mild cog decline; interference with work performance, concentration is disrupted 1. May get lost driving 2. Difficulty recalling names or words

Answer 104

moderate cog decline; may forget major events in personal hx 1. Declining ability to perform tasks 2. Confabulation (creating imaginary events to fill in gaps)

Answer 105

moderately severe cognitive decline – loss of ability to perform ADLs independently 1. Forgets addresses, numbers, names of close relatives 2. May become disoriented to time and place

Answer 106

severe cog decline – cannot manage ADLs 1. Disoriented to surroundings, day, season/year 2. May not recall spouse’s name 3. Delusions may be apparent 4. Sundowning – sx worsen in late afternoon/evening

Answer 107

very severe cog decline – unable to recognize family; bedfast and aphasic; immobile

Answer 108

i. Occurs as a result of cerebrovascular disease – blood flow in the brain is impaired and progressive intellectual deterioration occurs ii. More abrupt onset than AD and course is more variable iii. Etiologies 1. HTN, cerebral emboli, cerebral thrombosis

Answer 109

i. Occurs as a result of shrinking of the frontal and temporal anterior lobes of the brain ii. Previously called Pick’s disease iii. Exact cause is unknown, but genetics is a factor iv. Sx: 1. Behavioral and personality changes 2. OR speech and language problems

Answer 110

i. Amnesia is most common neurobehavioral sx following head trauma ii. Repeated head trauma can result in dementia like sx 1. Emotional lability, dysarthria, ataxia, impulsivity iii. Other sx: confusion, changes in speech/vision/personality

Answer 111

i. Similar to AD, but progresses more rapidly ii. Lewy bodies in the cerebral cortex and brainstem 1. Visual hallucinations and parkinsonian features 2. Depression and delusion also common iii. Irreversible iv. Accounts for 25% of all NCD cases

Answer 112

i. Caused by loss of nerve cells located in the substantia nigra and a decrease in dopamine ii. Cerebral changes sometimes resemble AD iii. NCDs observed in 75% of pts with PD iv. Sx: involuntary muscle movements, slowness, and rigidity, tremor in UE

Answer 113

i. Huntington’s is transmitted as a mendelian dominant gene ii. Damage occurs in basal ganglia and cerebral cortex iii. Pt usually declines into a profound state of dementia and ataxia 1. Sx onset usually occurs between 30 and 50 iv. Average course is based on age at onset; juvenile and late onset have the shortest durations

Answer 114

i. AKA Creutzfeldt-jakob disease or mad cow ii. Onset of sx typically occurs between 40 and 60 y/o 1. Involuntary movements, muscle rigidity, and ataxia iii. Course is extremely rapid, with progression from dx to death in less than 2 yrs iv. 5-15% of cases have a genetic component

Answer 115

i. Caused by brain infections with opportunistic organisms or by HIV virus directly ii. Sx: range from barely perceptible to acute delirium to profound cog impairment

Answer 116

i. Occurs as a result of reactions to/overuse of substances such as: alcohol, inhalants, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, meds that cause anticholinergic SEs, and toxins (lead and mercury)

Answer 117

Pt hx physical assessment Labs Tests

Answer 118

1. Donepezil 2. Rivastigimine 3. Memantine

Answer 119

1. Risperidone 2. Olanzapine 3. Quetiapine

Answer 120

1. SSRIs – 1st line choice 2. Trazadone – insomnia 3. Tricyclic antidepressants – avoided due to anticholinergic and cardiac SEs 4. Dopaminergic agents – severe apathy

Answer 121

1. Alprazolam (xanax) | 2. Lorazepam (ativan)

Answer 122

1. Temazepam 2. Zolpidem 3. Eszopiclone 4. Trazodone 5. Mirtazapine

Exam Three Flashcards

(146 cards)