Exam Timeline Flashcards
What happened in 1914?
the start of ww1 and Canada joins the war. First they complete training from Sam Hughes who also supplies the army.
What happened in 1915? (2 things)
secend battle of ypres and italy switches side to the entente.
What is the distinguishing factor of the second battle of ypres?
Chlorine gas. British and French troops were stuck in a stalemate with germans so germans used chlorine gas to accelerate the war. Caused a gap in allied line giving germany the advantage.
In ww1, who are the central powers?
ottoman empire, germany and austria hungary
in ww1, who are the entente?
Britain, Russia, USA, France and British empire (includes canada)
What happened in 1916? (4 things)
Battle of vimy ridge, battle of passendale, khaki election and the halifax explosion.
What was the battle of vimy ridge?
April 9-12. All four divisions were involved. It was a creeping barrage, used maps. Sir Julian Byng and Arthur Currie planed the attack.
What was the khaki election?
conscription from the military services act, the wartime elections act and the military voters act.
What happened in 1918?
the hundred days campaign and armistice day
What happened in 1919?
paris peace conference, the versailles treaty, winnipeg general strike, one big union and the red scare begins
What was the versailles treaty?
it was for germany. Made to pay off reparations of 30 billion. Lowered army, navy and airforce. Used article 231 (war guilt clause) and no ansheluss (no union in Austria)
What was the battle of somme?
1916, known as the blood bath and led my british commander in cheif, general Douglas Haig. The strategy was slowly wearing down opponents by sending troops to the front till the other side cant defend. In the end many casualties and newfoundand lost 85% of troops and officers in first half an hour. Allies lost half a million soldiers for 6 miles.
What was the battle of Passchendaele?
- A complete swamp after heavy rains. Gained 5 square kilometres for 16,000 lives.
What was canadas 100 days war?
defeated 47 German divisions and took 30,000 prisoners of war. Led to the signing of the armistice to end WW1.
How does increasing militarism lead to the cause of ww1?
great powers expanded military resources to protect and intimidate others. Used it to resolve conflicts, glamorized air forces, and made the size of an army essential for national prestise.
How did pan slavism create problems in the Balkans?
russia promoted pan-slavism to allow acess to warm water ports, russian ports froze in the winter (which set limit to important export). Austria hungary veiwed it as a threat to their power as multiple nations under slavi control located in the Balkans feared they would lose grip on their territories if the people united.
What was the blank cheque give to Austria-Hungary by Germany in ww1?
Kaiser Wilnelm the seconds of germany offered Austria-Hungary a bank cheque that promising to support them even if they went to war.
What was sam hughes minister of militia main goal at the beginning of ww1? Why was he fired in 1916?
he created the shell comitee, thus he was in control of canadas supply of Britains shells. He also got the canadian army ready, he was admitent on using canadian manufacturers although these were inefficient materials due to inefficiency in materials and the bias to canadian products. He was fired as he was forcing the use of less sucessful products.
What was the Schlieffen plan? Why didn’t it work on germany?
It was a fialed stratergy developed many years before ww1 began for Germany to win the war. They belieed they could fend off Russia and defeat France with a large attack. To do so, german armies needed to drive through belgium and than capture paris in only a few weeks than focus on Russsia. For this plan to work Britain needed to stay neutral although in reality they defended france.
How were women treated in ww1?
women’s salary was legally the property of their husband, they couldn’t vote but they could influence government and once married they had very few rights over property and children.
Why did immigrants keep coming back in ww1? What factors persuaded them?
they government advertises immigrants by circulating posters through the us and northern/eastern europe to promote the “land best west” compared to American west. America at this time was more expensive while canada’s entry was cheap and healty. The federal gov. was offering anyone willing to farm 65 hectares of land for $10.
What were some policies made to assimilate canadas aboriginal people in ww1?
Residential schools forced the removal of identity and traditions to force them into dominant culture. Reserves were made to free land for eurpean settlers and immigrants and allowed clashes between aboriginal and settlers in the US. Enforced farming was created to encourage farming and decrease traditional hunting. From traditional hunting though farming was difficult because of harsh weather
What was the paris peace conference in ww1?
canada fighting for a seat at the league of nations (UN)
What was article 231 in ww1?
germany must sign the “war guilt” or face an allied invasion. If signed they must pay war damages (30 billion)
What was the flu pandemic of 1918-1919?
spanish flu, a virus that spread across world because of the returning soldiers. Resulted in over 21 million people dying, about 50,000 Canadians
What was life back after ww1?
there was a job shortage for returning veterns, there was no resources to allow them to ease into society or help the wounded. For aboriginal veterns them came home to the same rasism and violence as before though they fought for their country.
What was the flu pandemic of 1918-1919?
spanish flu, a virus that spread across world becasue of the returning soldiers. Resulted in over 21 million people dying, about 50,000 Canadians
What was the chinese head tax?
a fixed fee charge to chinese people entering canada created by the canadian government after the passing of the chinese immigration act in 18185. Created to discourage the immigration of chinese into canada after the canadian pacific railway was created. Later the chinese canadian national council began campaigning for an apology from the federal government, they wanted 23 million as this was the money gained from the tax. This was denied, the gov believed they should fix history as they cant change the past.
