exam two

Question 1

in order for population growth to level off…

Answer 1

birth and death rates must be equal

Question 2

(T/F) benthic refers to surface water in aquatic habitats

Answer 2

false

Question 3

what’re the origin of life stages in order (4)

Answer 3

1. formation of small organic compounds
2. formation of macromolecules
3. packaging organic compounds
4. self-replication

Question 4

(T/F) scientists think all humans on earth today descended from a single parent mtEve and Y-chromosomal Adam in Africa about 100-200 thousand years ago

Answer 4

true

Question 5

limnology refers to the study of…

Answer 5

lakes

Question 6

which of the age structures fit a life history/survivorship curve 3?

Answer 6

Afghanistan (high birth rates, low survivor rates)

Question 7

which aquatic system has the highest diversity?

Answer 7

coral reefs

Question 8

what does the “c” line represent?

Answer 8

logistic growth

Question 9

(T/F) animals don’t normally compete within their own species/population for resources/territory as their population increases

Answer 9

false

Question 10

___ is rapid diversification and spread of species

Answer 10

adaptive radiation

Question 11

what’re the hominids in order from earliest to latest?

Answer 11

ardipithecus sp., australopithecus sp., paranthropus sp., homo sp.

Question 12

what (2) biggest factors determine biological diversity on Earth?

Answer 12

sunlight, precipitation

Question 13

(T/F) genetic diversity among humans is greatest in Africa and decreases with increasing distance from the continent.

Answer 13

true

Question 14

which of the following is false regarding the often proposed stages of forming of life on earth?

Answer 14

small organic molecules such as amino acids and nucleotides cannot form under variety of conditions in the early earth

Question 15

the maximum population count that an area’s resources can support is…

Answer 15

carrying capacity

Question 16

(T/F) continued population growth will have negative impacts on our economy, however no population growth will have negative impact on our ecology

Answer 16

false

Question 17

(T/F) with better medical science and environmental technologies, there should be no problem with increasing the spread of diseases or the build up of toxic wastes as the population continues to grow exponentially

Answer 17

false

Question 18

which of the following is false regarding evolution?

Answer 18

experimental evidence suggests small populations with low genetic diversity evolve quickly and, therefore, can “punctuate” the fossil record with rapid appearance of species

Question 19

what (2) below are the biggest factors in determining population growth?

Answer 19

death rate, birth rate

Question 20

what does the “a” line represent?

Answer 20

carrying capacity

Question 21

boom and bust populational trends usually involves…

Answer 21

predator/prey relations

Question 22

due to ____, boundary between temperature gradient, water will ____ semiannually mixing oxygenated surface water with nutrient rich bottom water

Answer 22

thermocline, turnover

Question 23

which of the following survivorship curves has life histories that require intensive care and resources where most young are expected to survive until maximum life expectancy?

Answer 23

1

Question 24

many benthic creature rely on…

Answer 24

detritus

Question 25

match to define the following... desert, tropical rain forest, savanna, chaparral, northern coniferous forest, tundra, wetlands

Answer 25

desert = low precipitation year-round, highly variable temperatures seasonally and daily, dominated by succulent plants tropical rain forest = high rainfall year-round, warm year-round, extremely high species diversity savanna = temperature is seasonly variable, long dry seasons, mostly drought tolerant grasses with sparse trees chaparral = seasonal precipitation, hot summer and cool winters, dominated by shrubs, many browsing animals Northern Coniferous Forest = variable precipitation, cold winters and mild summers, includes many migratory animals tundra = precipitation varies, cold winters and cool summers, frozen earth restricts plants to mosses, grasses and shrubs mostly, animals include oxen, caribou, and bears wetlands = plants include lilies and cattails, animals include otters and alligators

Question 26

the endosymbiont theory suggests...

Answer 26

prokaryotes were engulfed by early eukaryotes to form complex organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 27

match to define the following... habitat, temporal, behavior, mechanical, gametic, reduced hybrid viability/fertility, hybrid breakdown

Answer 27

habitat isolation = species rarely encounter each other temporal isolation = organisms' breeding seasons don't match up behavior isolation = organisms prone to differing courtship rituals mechanical isolation = reproductive anatomy do not align or are not compatible gametic isolation = fertilization cannot occur between gametes Reduced hybrid viability/ fertility = the offspring are either not fit enough or cannot reproduce hybrid breakdown = offspring are incompatible with the rest of the population

Question 28

_____ is where rivers feed into marine habitats

Answer 28

estuary

Question 29

what assumption does continued exponential growth make?

Answer 29

unlimited resources

Question 30

adaptive radiation often follows... (select all, 2)

Answer 30

colonization of new regions, mass extinctions

Question 31

the amount of area including land and water needed by each person is...

Answer 31

ecological footprint

Question 32

____ is frozen earth beneath the surface that does not thaw throughout the year

Answer 32

permafrost

Question 33

family and friends move to island of 100 population, 1st year there are 7 births and 1 death. determine population at end of 5 years.

Answer 33

133.5

Question 34

the amount of offspring produced, known as ____, often begins to decrease as population sizes exponentially increase

Answer 34

fecundity

Question 35

(select all, 3) the dangers for thawing permafrost

Answer 35

further greenhouse gasses releasing, ancient dormant diseases getting released, ground collapse