exam one Flashcards
(42 cards)
which of the following if false on darwin?
Darwin thought that traits acquired through out one’s life could be passed down to future generations.
Select all of the following that are ways to introduce new genes into a population. (2)
gene flow, mutation
*know how to read a clado gram
same = 3
Select all the following that are hypothesized from the phylogenetic tree below. (2)
birds evolved from certain types of dinosaurs, humans and plants share a common ancestor 2 billion years ago
Select all of the following that are inferences made by Darwin’s observations. (2)
- Unequal ability to survive and reproduce leads to an accumulation of favorable traits in the population over time.
- Individuals with more beneficial traits will have a higher probability of surviving and reproducing.
Meiosis and fertilization of random gametes produces variation in each new generation within a population. This is an example of…
microevolution
phylogenetic trees are…
hypotheses only
___________ is rapid diversification and spread of species.
adaptive radiation
(t/f) vestigial structures are remnants of features that served a function in the organism’s ancestors.
true
(t/f) the chicken came before the egg.
false
select all of the following that are domains for prokaryotic organisms. (2)
archeae, bacteria
When building complex phylogenetic trees many possible outcomes could be correct. To decide which tree to is most likely true, scientists usually go with…
the simplest possible tree
match the following with their associated problems…
warm pond, meteorite hypothesis, deep sea hydrothermal vents
warm pond =
water tends to separate molecules rather than bring them together and UV light kills life in shallow water
meteorite hypothesis =
does not offer an explanation how complexity builds from monomers and the mixture of molecules (i.e. right vs left) should be represented in life, but is not
deep sea hydrothermal vents =
membranes cannot form due to high concentrations of calcium and magnesium and polymers stick to rocks on which they form
(t/f) Some biologists argue that horizontal gene transfer was so common that the early history of life should be represented as a tangled network of connected branches
true
Use the following character table to determine the proper sequence of species “a” through species “e”. Answers are listed from the top of the tree down.
e, a, b, d, c
(t/f) lamarck is considered the father of evolution
false
Match the following using the dichotomous key.
a = magnolia
c = elm
f = oak
g = chesnut
Finches’ beak size on different islands are related to the seed size available on the respective islands (big beaks for big seeds, small beaks for small seeds). Medium beaks had difficulty retrieving small seeds and were also not tough enough for the bigger seeds, and were hence maladaptive. This is an example of _______________ selection.
disruptive
Small populations have little genetic diversity. Mating among individuals is an example of…
inbreeding
In the general population about 1 out of 5 people are born with blonde hair in the U.S. We’ll assume it is an autosomal recessive trait that requires individuals to be homozygous recessive. Based on this, approximately what percent of people are heterozygous?
49.5
_____________ is the evolutionary relationships among organisms.
phylogeny
Put the following in order starting with the broadest taxon. (8)
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specific epithet
*Which of the top is a paraphyletic group?
group 2, missed one evolution animal
Which of the following is false regarding evolution?
Experiments in reptiles have confirmed isolating populations increases evolutionary rates.