Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

env 101 > exam1- chap 1, 4, 5 > Flashcards

exam1- chap 1, 4, 5 Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

environment

A

the sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

environmental science

A

the field of study that looks at interactions among human systems and those found in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ecosystem

A

a particular location on earth distinguished by its mix of interacting biotic and abiotic components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

environmentalism

A

concern about and action aimed at protecting the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

environmental studies

A

the field of study that includes environmental science, environmental policy, economics, literature, and ethics, among others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

environmental indicators

A

describe the current state of an environmental system:
- biological diversity
- food production
- avg. global surface temp and CO2 concentrations
- human population
- resource depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sustainablity

A

living on earth in a way that allows humans to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

biodiversity

A

the diversity of life forms in an environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

background extinction rate

A

the average rate at which species become extinct over the long-term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

greenhouse gas

A

a gas in earths atmosphere that traps heat near the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

anthropogenic

A

derived from human activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ecological footprint

A

a measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

scientific method

A

an objective method to explore the natural world, draw inferences from it, and predict the outcome of certain events, processes, or changes: observe > hypothesis > test > interpret > disseminate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable theory or supposition about how something works

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

theory

A

explanation as to why something happened or happens: not equal to a hypothesis, belief, or guess in that the theory has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by multiple groups of researchers and has reached wide acceptance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

environmental justice

A

a social movement and field of study that focuses an equal enforcement of environmental laws and eliminating disparities in the exposure of environmental harms to different ethnic and socioeconomic groups within a society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

three components of biodiversity

A

genetic, species, ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ecosystem diversity

A

the variety of ecosystems within a given region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

species diversity

A

the variety of species within a given ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

genetic diverstiy

A

the variety of genes within a given species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

species richness

A

the number of species in a given area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

species evenness

A

the relative proportion of different species in a given area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

evolution

A

a change in the genetic composition of a population over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

genotype

A

the complete set of genes in an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
phenotype
a set of traits expressed by an individual
26
mutation
a random change in the genetic code produced by a mistake in the copying process
27
adaptation
a trait that improves an individuals' fitness
28
distribution
areas of the world in which a species lives
29
mass extinction
a large extinction of species in a relatively short period of time
30
population
the individuals that belong to the same species and live in a given area at a given time
31
community
all of the populations of organisms within a given area
32
limiting resources
a resource that a population cannot live without and that occurs in quantities lower than the population would require to increase in size
33
carrying capacity (K)
the limit of how many individuals in a population the food supply can sustain
34
overshoot
where the population is larger than the carrying capacity (K)
35
die-off
population crash as a result of overshoot
36
competition
the struggle of individuals to obtain a limiting resource
37
true predator
a predator that typically kills its prey and consumes most of what it kills
38
herbivores
a predator that consumes plants as prey
39
parasites
a predator that lives on or in the organism it consumes
40
mutualism
an interaction between species that increases the chances of survival or reproduction for both species
41
symbiotic relationship
a relationship of two species that live in close association with each other
42
commensalism
a relationship between species in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped
43
ecological succession
the replacement of one group of species by another group of species over time
44
population charactierstics
size, density, distribution, sex ratio, age structure
45
immigration
the movement of people into a country or region, having come from another country or region
46
emigration
the movement of people out of a country or region, to settle in another country or region
47
crude birth rate
CBR: the number of births per 1,000 individuals per year
48
crude death rate
CDR: the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year
49
developed country
a country with relatively high levels of industrialization and income
50
developing country
a country with relatively low levels of industrialization and income
51
life expectancy
the average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate in that country
52
infant mortality
the number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births
53
child mortality
the number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births
54
net migration rate
the difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1,000 people in a country
55
family planning
the practice of regulating the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control
56
affluence
the state of having plentiful wealth; the possession of money, goods, or property
57
urban area
an area that contains more than 385 people per square kilometer (1,000 people per square mile)
58
gross domestic product
GDP: a measure of the value of all products and services produced in a country in a year
59
mechanisms of evolution
artificial solution, natural selection, genetic drift, bottleneck effect, founder effect
60
scientific law
breakable, typically a mathematical equation
61
artificial solution
human driven, selective breeding, typically seen in agriculture and show
62
natural selection
determined by environment, individuals better suited to their environment survive and pass on their genes
63
genetic drift
random process, not due to fitness, genes passed during reproduction (e.g., dominant v. recessive, siblings)
64
bottleneck effect
random process, not due to fitness or advantage, dramatic loss of population then built back up (e.g. natural disaster)
65
founder effect
random process, not due to fitness, accidental colonization (e.g. hurricane bringing up flamingos back into florida, introducing an animal/bug/plant)
66
intrinsic v. instrumental value
intrinsic: cannot be measured but can still impact environmental decisions; moral, ethical, religious, cultural (keeping a tree for historic significance) instrumental: necessity for livelihood
67
keystone species
a species whose function/niche/role is so crucial to an ecosystem that the loss of that one species will result in the collapse of the entire ecosystem
68
extinct v. extanct
extinct: no longer living extant: currently living

env 101 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions