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Neurosciences > Exam1Lec5NeuromuscularJunctionandPostSynapticSignaling > Flashcards

Exam1Lec5NeuromuscularJunctionandPostSynapticSignaling Flashcards

1
Q

What is post-synaptic signaling (synpatic transmission)?

A

Interpreting the transmitted signal and translation of the signal into a change in post-synaptic Vm.

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2
Q

What triggers skeletal muscle contraction and respiratory muscle control (involuntary + voluntary)

A

NMJ

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3
Q

What are the classes of membrane receptors?

A
  1. Ionotropic (ligand-gated): fast response
  2. Metabrotropic (GPCR): slow and variable response
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4
Q

Direct activation of ionotropic (ligand-gated) receptors channels elicits ___

A

fast PSPs

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5
Q

What are 5 examples of ionotropic (ligand-gated) receptors?

A
  1. Nicotinic acetycholine receptor (nAChR)-Acetycholine
  2. NMDA & AMPA receptors-Glutamate
  3. Serotonin receptor channel -5HT3 (excitatory)
  4. GABA receptors (Types A and C)
  5. Glycine receptor (GlyR)

5-HT1 AND 5-HT5 are serotonon receptors associated with inhibitory effects

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6
Q

What are 5 examples of ionotropic (ligand-gated) receptors?

A
  1. Nicotinic acetycholine receptor (nAChR)-Acetycholine
  2. NMDA & AMPA receptors-Glutamate
  3. Serotonin receptor channel -5HT3 (excitatory)
  4. GABA receptors (Types A and C)
  5. Glycome receptor (GlyR)

5-HT1 AND 5-HT5 are serotonon receptors associated with inhibitory effects

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7
Q

Activation of metabotropic (GPCRs) elicits____

A

Slow PSPs

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8
Q

What are 4 examples of metabotropic (GPCRs) receptors?

A
  1. Muscarininc acetylcholime receptor (mAChR)
  2. Metabotropic Glutamate receptor (mGluR)
  3. Biogenic Amine receptors (serotonin (not 5HTR), dopamine, NE, histamine)
  4. GABA receptor (Type B)
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9
Q

Metabotropic Glutamate receptor

neurotransmitter?
Receptor?
G-protein?
Cascade?
Final effect?

A
  1. Glutamate
  2. Binds to mGluR receptor
  3. Gq glycoprotein
  4. Gq activates phospholipase C which results in formation of IP3 which activates Ca2+ release. Activated phospholipase C can also result in formation of diaglycerol which then activates PKC.
  5. incr protein phosphorylation, and activate calcium-binding proteins
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10
Q

Biogenic Amine receptor-Norepinephrine
neurotransmitter?
Receptor?
G-protein?
Cascade?
Final effect?

A
  1. Norepinephrine
  2. binds to Beta-adrenergic receptor
  3. Gs
  4. Gs activates adenycl cylase which incr cAMP, this then incr activity of PKA
  5. Incr protein phosphorylation
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11
Q

Biogenic Amine receptor-Dopamine
neurotransmitter?
Receptor?
G-protein?
Cascade?
Final effect?

A
  1. Dopamine
  2. binds to Dopamine D2
  3. Gi
  4. Gi inhibits adenycl cyclase resulting in decr cAMP which decr activity of PKA.
  5. Decrs protein phosphorylation
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12
Q

What are the sources of Ca2+ (what incr Ca2+)?

A

Plasma membrane:
* Voltage-gates Ca2+ channels
* Various ligans-gated channels
Endoplasmic reticulum:
* IP3 receptos
* RYR

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13
Q

What are the removal mechanisms of Ca2+ (what decr Ca2+)?

A

Plasma membrane:
* Na+/Ca2+ exchanger
* Ca2+ pump
Endoplasmic reticulum:
* Ca2+ pump
Mitochondria

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14
Q

Following neurotransmitter activation, the postsynaptic membrane potential (Vm) will always move toward the ____ of the activated neurotransmitter indiced conductance.

A

reversal potential

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15
Q

What is EPSP?

A

Postsynaptic potentials that INCR probability of causing the postsynaptic cell to fire an action potential

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16
Q

What is IPSP?

A

Postsynaptic potentials that DECR the probability of causing the postsynaptic cell to fire an action potential

17
Q

For epsp, the reversal potential of induced conductance is more positive or more negative than threshold?

A

More positve

Erev>Threshold

18
Q

For ipsp is the reversal potential of induced conductance more positve or more negative than threshold?

A

more negative

Erev<Threshold

19
Q

We can fire an IPSP and still depolarize. How?

A

Erev is below threshold, but v rest is more negative than erev and it is trying to become more positive to reach erev, so it depolarizes, but does NOT reach threshold to fire an ap (because more neg than threshold)

20
Q

What is the effect of incr postynaptic conductance of Na+?

A

EPSP

21
Q

What is the effect of incr postynaptic conductance of K+?

A

IPSP

22
Q

What is the effect of incr postynaptic conductance of Ca+?

A

EPSP

23
Q

What is the effect of incr postynaptic conductance of Cl-?

A

IPSP

24
Q

What is the effect of incr postynaptic conductance of Na+/K+ equally?

A

EPSP

25
Q

What is the effect of decr conductance of K+ ?

decr activatino of K+ channels

A

EPSP

k+ stays w/in cell and doesnt move out, more pos charge

26
Q

What is convergence of input?

A

Several neurons synapse onto a single neuron

27
Q

What is divergence of output?

A

A single neuron projects onto several neurons

28
Q

Temporal and spatial summation of ____ determines the excitability of the post synaptic cell.

A

all EPSPs and IPSPs

1 EPSP is not enough to reach threshold and fire ap, while summed epsp is enough.

29
Q

What are afferent neurons?

A

Carry info from sensory receptors to the CNS

30
Q

What are efferent neurons?

A

Carry motor info away from the CNS to the muscles and glands of the body.

31
Q

Explain the patella/stretch reflex

A
  1. Muscle sensory receptors detect stretch caused by hammer tap
  2. Type Ia/II a AFFERENT fibers are activated and signls to CNS.
  3. alpha motor neurons (EFFERENT) activates extensors/qudricep
  4. INTERNEURON mediates inhibition of motor axons (efferent) to flexors/hamstrings
  5. Leg extends

Neurosciences (28 decks)

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