Exam2 Flashcards by Cameron Rooks

Primates

Class: Order

Members: all primates

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Strepsirhini

Type: suborder

Members: Lemurs and Lorises

split nose

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haplorhini

type: suborder
members: all non lorises and lemurs

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Who is in the parvorders taxonomy group?

platyrrhini & catarrhini

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Who is in the superfamilies taxonomy group?

lemuroidea, lorisoidea, cercopithecoidea, hominoidea

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Who is in the families taxonomy group?

pitheciidae, cebidae, atelidae, hylobatidae, hominoidea

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Who is in the subfamilies taxonomy group?

cercopithecinae, colobinae

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of a Ring-Tailed Lemur.

Suborder: Strepsirhini
Infraorder: Lemuriformes
Geographic Range: Madagascar
Diet: dont need to know
Locomotion: terrestrial quadrepedal
Social Structure: 10-25 males and females (dominant)
Unique Features: greater olfactory capabilities (cow nose [rhinarium]), eyes placed to side of the face, dental comb (forward projected canines and lower incisors), retention claw

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of a Sifaka.

Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Infraorder: Lemuriformes
Geographic Range: Madagascar
Diet: dont need to know
Locomotion: vertical clinging and leaping
Social Structure:dont need to know
Unique Features: greater olfactory capabilities (cow nose [rhinarium]), eyes placed to side of the face, dental comb (forward projected canines and lower incisors), retention claw

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of an Aye-Aye.

Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Infraorder: lemuriformes
Geographic Range: Madagascar
Diet: insects and grubs found in bark
Locomotion: quadrapedally
Social Structure: unknown but found alone
Unique Features: elongated finger to tap along bark, unique dental formula among all mammals, one upper molar

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of a Slow Loris.

Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Infraorder: Lorisiformes
Geographic Range: India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, Africa
Diet: insects, fruit, plants, leaves, small mammals
Locomotion: slow climbing, cautious
Social Structure: Solitary
Unique Features: large forwards facing eyes

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of a Galago.

Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Infraorder: Lorisiformes
Geographic Range: Sub-Saharan Africa
Diet: animal prey, fruit and gum
Locomotion: quadrepedal
Social Structure: Solitary
Unique Features: bushbaby, oversized ears

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Tarsiers.

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Tarsiiformes
Geographic Range: Southeast Asian islands
Diet: nocturnal insectivores
Locomotion: leaping
Social Structure: dont need to know
Unique Features: crazy eyes, can rotate heads 180 degrees

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Howler Monkeys.

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropedae

Parvorder: Platyrrhini

Family: Atelldae

Geographic Range: neotropical South America
Diet: fruits and leaves
Locomotion: quadrapedally with tails for support
Social Structure: 3-19, with a few males/females and large dominant male, young leave group once mature
Unique Features: extremely loud howls

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Spider Monkeys.

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropedae

Family: Atelldae

Parvorder: Platyrrhini
Geographic Range: eastern South America
Diet: mostly fruit
Locomotion: quadrapedal with support tails
Social Structure: large groups
Unique Features: biggest new word monkeys

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Capuchins.

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropedea

Parvorder: Platyrrhini

Family: Cebidae
Geographic Range: South America
Diet: fruits, insects, leaves, nectar, nuts
Locomotion: quadrepedal
Social Structure: class system
Unique Features: large groups with an alpha male and a lotta sex

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Owl Monkeys.

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropedae

Parvorder: Platyrrhini

Family: Cebidae
Geographic Range: Central America and Northern South America
Diet: omivore
Locomotion: quadrapedal and leaping
Social Structure: 2-5 close knit groups
Unique Features: active at night, specialized night vision

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Tamirins.

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropedae

Parvorder: Platyrrhini

Family: Cebidae
Geographic Range: South America
Diet: insects, fruits, and reptiles
Locomotion: quadrapedal running, bounding, and galloping
Social Structure: multi-generations groups of 2-7
Unique Features: specialized nails

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Savanna Baboons.

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropoidae

Parvorder: Catarrhini

Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea

Subfamily: Cercopithecinae
Geographic Range: Central Africa
Diet: diverse omnivores
Locomotion: quadrapedally
Social Structure: multi-male/female groups, high competition for females
Unique Features: yellow

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Desert Baboons.

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropoidae
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Subfamily: Cercopithecinae
Geographic Range: Northeast Africa (Ethiopia, Sudan)
Diet:
Locomotion: quadrapedal
Social Structure: XL groups, up to 800 individuals, one male harem, violent (neck-biting)
Unique Features: bushy silver colored mane

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Geladas.

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropoidae
Parvorder: Cercopithecine
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Subfamily: Cercopithecinae
Geographic Range: Ethiopia
Diet: folivore
Social Structure: one male heram, loose

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Patas.

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropoidae
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Subfamily: Cercopithecinae
Geographic Range: Sub-Saharan Africa
Diet: folivore
Social Structure: one male harem, males very separate from females

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Japanese Macaque.

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Subfamily: Cercopithecinae
Geographic Range: Japan
Diet: omnivorous (they are the sweet potato eaters from the video)
Social Structure:multiple male/multiple female

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Colubus Monkey.

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Parvorder: catarrhini
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Subfamily: Colobinae
Geographic Range: Africa
Diet: leaves and fruit
Locomotion: quadrapedal

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Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Hing Chen Langurs

Suborder:Haplorrhini Infraorder: Anthropoidae Parvorder: Catarrhini Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea Subfamily:Colobinae Geographic Range: Asia (India and Pakistan) Diet: folivore Social Structure: 2 types: more food = multi-male/multi-female, forest & less food = one-male harem

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Gibbons.

Suborder: Haplorrhini Infraorder: Anthropoidae Parvorder: Catarrhini Superfamily: Hominoidea Family: Hylobatidae Geographic Range: Central Africa Diet: fruits and leaves Locomotion: brachiator Social Structure: pair-bonded Unique Features: "singing apes of asia"

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Orangutans.

Suborder: Haplorrhini Infraorder: Anthropoidae Parvorder: Catarrhini Superfamily: Hominoidea Family: Hominidae Geographic Range: Borneo and Sumatra Diet: frigivorous Locomotion: four handed Social Structure: solitary

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Chimpanzees.

Suborder: Haplorrhini Infraorder: Simiiformes Parvorder: Catarrhini Superfamily: Hominoidea Family: Hominidae Geographic Range: equatorial Africa Diet: fruit and leaves Locomotion: quadrapedal knuckle walking, bipedal walking, brachiating Social Structure: large fluid communities

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Gorillas.

Suborder: Haplorrhini Infraorder: Simiiformes Parvorder: Catarrhini Superfamily: Hominoidea Family: Hominidae Geographic Range: Central Africa Diet: folivore Social Structure: silverback male

What is the Arboreal hypothesis?

Over time primates found their niche in the trees

What is the Visual Predator hypothesis?

Forward facing eyes arent common, color vision mmay have arisen in response to the demand for fine visual and tactile discrimination

What is the Angiosperm Hypothesis?

primates underwent adaptive radiation to follow the radiation of certain angiosperms and that their unique traits are the result of a necessity to forage those plants

What is the dental formula for Old World Monkeys?

2. 1.2.3 (upper) 2. 1.2.3 (lower)

What is the dental formula for New World Monkeys?

2.1.3.3

What is binocular vision?

vision characterized by overlapping visual fields provided by forward facing eyes (essential to depth perception)

What is stereoscopic vision?

able to see in 3d

What is diurnal?

active during the da;y

What is in Strepsirhines suborder?

Lemurs and Lorises

What are features of Strepsirhines?

``` Tapetum lucidum (reflects visible light back) Rhinarium (cow nose) Grooming claw (retention of a claw) Dental comb (foward projecting lower incisors and canines) ```

What is adaptive radiation?

process in which organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms

What is in the Haplorhini suborder?

Tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans

What is a Haplorhini characteristic?

dry nose

What are some Anthopoidea characteristics?

AnthropoideaMonkeys, apes, and humans - Differ from prosimians in a variety of ways (Larger body, Larger brain- to- body size ratio, More sexually dimorohic, Less specialized dentition = fewer premolars, Greater reliance on vision than on smell, post- orbital closure, Diurnal rather than nocturnal) - Two infraorders (Platyrrhines, Catarrhines)

Platyrrhine

"Broad-nosed" - 2.1.3.3/2

Prehensile Tail

Used in suspensory locomotion - Not in Old World monkeys

Catarrhine characteristics

"Hook-nosed" - 2.1.2.3

Cercopithecoidea

type: superfamily members: old world monkeys

What are Ischial callosities?

baboon butts

What is sexual dimorphism?

differences in characteristics between males and females in a species

What are characteristics of cercopithecinae?

type: subfamily of Old World Monkeys members: baboons, macaques, others trait: cheek pouches

What are characteristics of Colobinae?

subfamily leaf-eating

What are characteristics of Hominoidea?

type: superfamily membes: apes and humans traits: larger, no tail and generally more complex

What are charateristics of Hylobatidae?

type: family members: lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs) traits: brachiation, longer arms than legs

What are characteristics of Hominidae?

type: family members: great apes and humans

What is behavorial ecology?

the study of the evolution of behavior, emphasizing the role of ecological factors as agents of natural selection

What is a monogomous pair?

social structure with a mated pair and their young

What is polyandrous?

social structure of one female and two males (seen in some New World monkeys

What are some factors influencing social structure?

body size, basal metabolic rate, diet, distribution of resources, predation, dispersal, life histories, strategies, sleeping sites, activity patterns, and humans

What is K-selected?

reproductive strategy with low birth rates and high care

What is R-selected?

reproductive strategy with high birth rate and less care

What is sexual selection?

traits that one sex develop to impress the other sex (more colors on mandrills)

What is infanticide?

Killing infants to gain a place in the group and increase sexual chances

anthropoidea

Type: infraorder members: monkeys, apes, and humans

tarsiiformes

type: infraorder members: tarsians