Exam2 Flashcards
1
Q
what joint is involved in Bone Spavin
A
tarsometatarsal and the distal intertarsal joints- OCD
2
Q
What fracture and what radiographic view
A
abaxial fracture of the proximal sesamoid bone and 60 deg skyline view
3
Q
T/F
Pasteurella multocida is a common etiology of sinusitis associated with dehorning
A
F
It does cause pussy sinusitis, but is unrelated to dehorning
4
Q
What is the joint of movement in the horse’s hock
A
Tibiotarsal Joint
5
Q
What is the gold standard diagnosis for septic arthritis in horse
A
microbiology
6
Q
What are the clinical signs associated with E-type foal septic arteritis
A
Epiphysis: few weeks old, acute on chronic lameness, in multiple joints
7
Q
What is the primary clinical sign seen with OCD
A
Synovial effusion
8
Q
Process of abnormal bone and cartilage formation
A
OCD (Osteochondritis dissecans)
9
Q
What are the nerve blocks for the hind feet in cattle
A
Superficial peroneal nerve
Deep peroneal nerve
Medial and lateral plantar nerve
10
Q
What position was used to take this radiograph
A
DLPM O
Dorso-Lateral Proximal Medial Oblique
11
Q
At what age does the frontal sinus extend into the horn of cattle
A
4-6 months
12
Q
What is the most common cause of sinusitis in cattle
A
secondary to de-horning
13
Q
Which side of the horse is used for laparoscopic approach in the standing horse
A
Right side
14
Q
What is the conformational abnormality
A
Cow Hocked
Valgus
15
Q
What is type 1 vagal indigestion using the Cornell classification
A
Bloat
16
Q
What smooth muscle relaxant can be used to ease passage of an esophageal foreign body
A
Buscopan
17
Q
What is this lesion
A
OCD of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia in the hock
18
Q
What makes up the vascular portion of the eye
A
choroid
19
Q
What is this lesion
A
OCD of the lateral malleolus in horse hock
20
Q
What toxic plant is associated with cleft palate
A
Poison hemlock
21
Q
What cells make articular surface
A
Chondrocytes make all components of the Hyaline cartilage
22
Q
What are the margins of the Proximal paravertebral block in cattle
A
T13-L2
23
Q
What is the view, what are the bones?
A
Dorsopalmar view
4th carpal bone and Metacarpal 4
24
Q
What are the margins of ping for RDA
A
Paralumbar fossa to 8th rib
25
What are the antibiotics used when there is a rectal tear in a horse
Pen, Gen, metronidazole
26
What mineral, deficient in Kentucky is linked to OCD in horses
Copper
27
When performing a thelotomy, what structure should be avoided
streak canal should not be cut into
28
What are the grades of rectal tears in horses (1-4)
Grade 1: mucosa and submucosa
Grade 2: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis
Grade 3a: all layers except serosa
Grade 3b: Splits the layers
Grade 4: all layers
29
What is the conformational abnormality
Sickle Hock
30
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
A. Apical (i)
B. Mid Body (ii)
C. Basal (iii)
D. Abaxial (iv)
E. Sagital/Axial (v)
F. Comminuted (vi)
31
In addition to a basic surgical pack, what instruments are commonly used during arthroscopy?
A.
B.
C.
A. Periosteal elevator
B. Ferris-Smith rongeur
C. Exploring probe
32
What are the nerves that need to be blocked for goat dehorning?
Two branches of the Cornual nerve
- infratrochlear
- Lachrymal
33
Burdizzo
34
What radiographic view highlights medial splint bone
Dorsomedial-proximolateral
35
WBC accumulation in the anterior chamber
hypopyon
36
37
inability to extend penis
phimosis
38
Trephine
39
What is the Meckel diverticulum
embryonic yolk sack remnant
40
Newberry knife
41
What is this lesion
OCD of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia in the hock
42
What are the landmarks for a Right para median abomasopexy approach incision
20 cm long incision between midline and right s.q. abdominal vein, 8 cm behind xiphoid
43
What is used for medical management for arytenoid chondritis
Sodium Iodide
44
45
What is the lay term for the pathology in the tarsal joints depicted
Bone Spavin
46
What view is this
Dorso-medial proximolateral oblique
DMPLO
47
48
Type 1 vagal indigestion refers to what in cattle
bloat
49
How is the sow's ear fixed to treat LDA
Matress suture which includes the transverse abdominal muscle
50
What test is being performed
Spavin test
51
What stapler would you use for functional End-End anastomosis
GIA to close the lumen-lumen defect and TA to close the ends
52
What is the most common sesamoidal fracture
Apical (i) is most common sesamoid fracture in horse
53
What view is this
Lateral
54
What is the location and lesion
OCD of the sagittal ridge of Metacarpal 3
55
What stapler is this
Thoraco Abdominal stapler (TA 90)
56
Kingman tube
57
inflammation of the iris
iridocyclitis
58
What tissue is primarily shown here
Hyaline cartilage
59
What is the most common etiology of sinusitis associated with dehorning
*Truperella* *pyogens*
60
What artery runs between the lateral splint bone and metatarsal 3 bones
Dorsal metatarsal artery
61
What blood vessel and tissue are associated with very high pressure in the bull's erection
corpus cavernosum reaches very high pressure by the deep artery of the penis
62
cicatrix
scar
63
What are standard antibiotic choices for septic joints in a horse
Broad spectrum (Pen/Gen)
64
What is phimosis
inability to extend penis
65
What is this, and what is it's use
Red Devil Trocar used to decompress bloat
66
What is the lay term for interdigital hyperplasia in cattle
corns
67
What is the treatment of choice for decubital ulcers in rams
surgical excision of dorsal prepuce
68
What are the landmarks for standing laparoscopy in a horse
Tuber coxae, 18th rib, border of the internal abdominal oblique muscle- right side
69
Where is the abomasum fixed with a Right Flank abomasopexy
To the incision site
70
Inability to retract penis
paraphimosis
71
Where is the lesion
Proximal intermediate carpal bone
72
What are the nerve blocks for dehorning cattle
Cornual nerve block - branch of the zygomaticotemporal nerve
73
Which cytokine starts the joint inflammation proccess
IL-1
74
Lichty teat knife
75
What are the components of Hyaline cartilage
A.
B.
C.
A. Collagen type 2
B. PSGAG
C. Hyaluronic acid
76
What are the ages for disbudding buck kids and doe kids
Buck: 3-5 days
Doe: 5-7 days
77
what is the lay term for a dorsal cortical fracture in a horse
bucked shins
78
Elastrator
79
80
If the nose ring is pulled out, what nerve block is used to suture the lesion
infraorbital block
81
inflammation of the vascular tunic of the eye
Uveitis
82
Where is the lesion
distal radial carpal bone
83
What is this lesion
OCD of the lateral trochlear ridge of the stifle
84
A. Tibiotarsal Joint
B. Central tarsal bone
C. Third Tarsal Bone
D. Calcaneus bone
E. 4th tarsal bone
F. 4th metatarsal bone
85
What are the margins for cecal ping
just paralumbar fossa on R. side
86
What are the clinical parameters associated with P-type septic arteritis in foals
Physis: weeks to months old, localized disease. severe lameness
87
Lumpy Jaw is caused by what organism
*Actinomyces* *bovis*
88
What is type 2 vagal indigestion
failure of omasal transport
89
During OCD development- what type of cartilage is laid down?
fibrocartilage
90
91
What is the layer of strength for closure of the esophagus
mucosa and submucosa are the holding layers
92
What are the dimensions of a laparoscope for use in the horse
10 mm diameter and 30 deg
93
What is the location and lesion
This is an OCD cyst in the medial condyle of a horses femur- the only reported location
94
What kind of stapler is this
Ligating-Dividing-Stapler (LDS)
95
What pathology is depicted
Splint exostosis
96
What suture pattern is used to fix the rumen to the skin during rumenotomy
cruciate
97
What is being used on the proximal aspect of the leg
Esmarch tourniquet
98
What is the most common fracture of the carpus in the horse
distal radial carpal bone is the most common fractured bone
99
What is a solar abscess called in cattle
rusterholz ulcer
100
Where is the only place that an OCD cyst has been reported in a horse
Medial femoral condyle
101
Is OCD more common in male or female horses
Male- 2:1
102
What fracture
Mid-body (ii)
103
What is the view, and what are the bones
Dorso-lateral proximomedial (DLPM)
4th carpal bone and metacarpal 4
104
What vein is accessed for a regional limb profusion block for a digital amputation in a cow
Dorsal metacarpal/tarsal vein
105
What bone is this? What is the view?
4th tarsal bone
DLPM oblique
106
What procedure has been performed on the ends of these bones
Osteostixis
107
What is the landmark for the abomaso-momento structure, the sow's ear
Where the pylorus enters the abomasum
108
What are the normal values for an equine joint?
WBC:
Diff.:
TP:
normal values for an equine joint?
WBC: **\< 500 cells**
Diff.: **\< 10% Neut.**
TP: **\< 2 g**
109
What is the pathophysiology of OCD
Failure of blood vessels to penetrate the cartilage leads to necrosis
110
What nerve is blocked that allows suturing of the penis
dorsal nerve
111
Cornell teat curette
112
What are the margins of the distal paravertebral block in cattle
T12-L2
113
DMPLO- second tarsal bone
114
What is IRAP that is used as a therapy of OCD
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP)
115
Which side is medial in this horse carpus
116
What are the arteries of the bull penis
Deep artery supplies corpus cavernosum
Bulbourethral artery supplies the corpus spongiosum
Dorsal artery supplies the glans
117
That is the anatomical region that is misdescribed as an OCD lesion but is really a fracture
Palmar eminence of P1
118
119
How long are antibiotics used in the treatment of septic arthritis in horses
minimum of 30 days and 2 weeks beyond resolution of clinical signs
120
What kind of stapler is this
End-End\_Anastomosis stapler (EEA)
121
Lay term for annular ring obstruction of the cow teat
Spider teat
122
What kind of stapler is this
Gastro-Intestinal-Anastomosis stapler (GIA)
123
To stop hemorrhage associated with dehorning, how many arteries might you have to pull
4
124
What type of collagen is hyaline cartilage made of
Hyaline cartilage is made from collagen type 2
125
T/F
The serosa is the holding layer of the esophagus
F- the esophagus doesn't even have a serosa
126
What is this lesion
OCD of the lateral trochlear ridge
127
What is another term for bucked shins in a horse
dorsal cortical fracture
128
What pathology is depicted
Splint Exostosis
129
What is this, and what is it's use
Verres needle- for insufflation
130
Hugs teat tumor extractor
131
What block is used to test for bone spavin lameness
High 4 perineural block
132
Full-thickness incision through the wall of the teat of the cow
Thelotomy
133
What fracture
Basilar fracture of the proximal sesamoid bone
134
What joint is most commonly effected by OCD in the equine patient
Tibiotarsal joint (Hock)
135
Spiral teat curette
136
What is this, and when is it used
Tube gauge dehorner for calves less than 8 weeks old
137
What are the most common dimensions of an arthroscope eyepiece for use in horse
4mm, 30 degrees
138
What smooth muscle relaxant is used in horses to decrease the risk of rectal tears
Buscopam
139
What is the pathology
Degenerative joint disease of the distal intertarsal joint and tarsometatarsal joint
Bone Spavin
140
What is the average survival post claw amputation in cattle
2 years
141
What is this lesion
OCD of the lateral trochlear ridge
142
staphyloma
143
144
145
How is the abomasum fixed during a right paramedian abomasopexy surgery
The lateral aspect of the **greater curvature** of the abomasum is sutured to the peritoneum and **rectus sheath**
146
What is the name of the slip knot that is used laparoscopically to tie off structures
Roeder knot
147
What is this surgical instrument
Trephine
148
For what age group calves is chemical dehorning used
caustic paste is for 3-7 day old calves
149
Where is the abomasum fixed with a left flank abomasopexy
R paramedian abdominal wall
150
151
What radiographic view highlights McIV bone
Dorsolateral-palmaromedial
152
A.
B.
C,
A. Talus
B. Talocalcaneal Joint
C. Calcaneus
153
What aspect of the hock is most commonly effected by OCD in the horse? The second?
Distal intermediate ridge of the tibia is most common, Lateral trochlear ridge is second most common
154
What dehorner is being used
Barns dehorner
155
What type of septic arteritis is associated with a foal less than 1 week old, and acutely presented
S- type: synovial fluid and membrane
156
What view is this
DLPMO
Dorso-Lateral Palmomedial oblique
157
keystone dehorner
158
What is the etiology of iatrogenic septic arteritis in adult horses
*Staphylococcus* spp.
159
paraphimosis
inability to retract penis
160
What are the joints depicted
A.
B.
A. **Distal intertarsal joint**
B. **Tarsometatarsal joint**
161
162
The integrity of the dorsal nerve is essential for what?
Ejaculation
163
What are the nerve blocks for dehorning kids
Cornual branch
Infratrochlear
lacrimal
164
What muscular contractions are associated with erection in the bull
bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles
And the deep artery of the penis
165
What are the 4 treatments for LDA in cattle
Right flank omentopexy
Left flank abomasopexy
Right paramedian abomasopexy
Closed suture (bar) technique
166
What type of collagen is fibrocartilage made of
Fibrocartilage is collagen type 1
167
Callicrate
168
What type of cartilage are healthy joints made of
Type 2 collagen
169
