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Exam3Lec1SuperficialNeck Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the order of the neck layers?

A

superficial fascia—>deep fascia—> cervical muscles

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2
Q

What layer is the superficial fascia and what does it contain?

A

Outermost layer of CT
Contains: platysma muscle, jugular vein, cervical plexus (of nerves), cervical lymph nodes

PJCC

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3
Q

What layer is the deep fascia and what layers does it divide into?

A

Innermost layer of CT
3 layers
investing, pre-tracheal, pre-vertebral

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4
Q

What is the musculature, vasculature, and innervation of the superficial fascia?

A

musculature: platysma
vasculature: jugualr veins
innervation: cervical plexus

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5
Q

What is the PA and DA of the platysma muscle?

A

PA: inf. mandible
DA: superficial fascia (of upper thorax)

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6
Q

What is the arterial supply, innervation, and action of the platysma muscle?

A

Arterial supply: n/a
Innervation: facial n. (CN VII=7)
Actions: pull angle of mouth downwards, tighten +pull skin on the neck upwards

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7
Q

What two jugular veins do we have for the superficial fascia and what does each drain?

A

External jugular v: drains superficial scalp + head
Anterior jugular v: drains anterior superficial neck

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8
Q

What are the cervical muscles of the neck?

A

SCM+ trapezius + suprahyoid muscles + infrahyoid muscles

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9
Q

For the cervical plexus, what are the superficial (cutaneous) branches?

A

lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular

Lesser, Greater, Too Super

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10
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the superficial fascia?

A

superficial cervical lymph nodes

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11
Q

Which lymph nodes are included in the superficial fascia?

A

pre-auricular, posterior auricular, submental, submandibular, tonsilar, anterior cervical, posterior cervical, supraclavicular

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12
Q

What layer is the investing layer of the deep fascia?

A

outer layer

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13
Q

What does the investing layer of the deep fascia cover, form, and superiorly attach to?

A

covers SCM+trapezius muscles
forms capsule around parotid + submandibular glands
superiorly attaches to: superior nuchal line, zygomatic arch, mastoid process + mandible, hyoid bone

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14
Q

What layer is the pre-tracheal layer of the deep fascia?

A

middle layer

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15
Q

What does the pre-tracheal layer cover, form, and continue with?

A

covers the infrahyoid muscles (omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid m),thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus

forms the carotid + fascial sheaths
continues w/ the buccopharyngeal fascia

from the hyoid—> middle mediastinum–> fibrous pericardium

ttie

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16
Q

What layer is the pre-vertebral layer of the deep fascia?

A

inner layer

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17
Q

What does the pre-vertebral layer cover, form, blend with, and contain?

A

covers pre-vertebral + lateral muscles

forms the axillary sheath + post. boundary of retropharyngeal space

blends with the endothoracic fascia + ant. longitudinal ligament

contains the sympathetic trunk

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18
Q

The carotid sheath is formed by the ?

A

pre-tracheal layer

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19
Q

What does the carotid sheath contain?

A

” I See 10 CC’s in the IV”
common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve (CNX=10)

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20
Q

What is the carotid sheath crossed by, pierced by, and communicates with?

A

crossed by the intermediate tendon of the Omohyoid m.(=infrahyoid m.)

pierced by the Ansa Cervicalis=group of muscular nerves of the cervical plexus

communicates w/ the posterior mediastinum via pre-tracheal fascia

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21
Q

What is the PA, DA, Arterial supply, innervation, and actions of the Trapezius?

everything is low yield except innervation

A

PA: superior nuchal line + ligamentum nuchae + spinous processes of C7-T12
DA: spine of scapula + acromion + lateral clavicle
Arterial supply: none
Innervation: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI=11)
Actions: elevation/retraction/rotation of the scapula, uni-lateral flexion of the neck, bi-lateral extension of the neck

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22
Q

What is the trapezius covered by?

A

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

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23
Q

What is the SCM covered by?

A

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

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24
Q

What is the PA and DA of the SCM?

low yield

A

PA: manubrium (sternal head) + medial clavicle (clavicular head)
DA: mastoid process + superior nuchal line

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25
What is the arterial supply, innervation, and actions of the SCM?
Arterial supply: n/a Innervation: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI=11) Actions: lateral flexion of the neck, rotation of the face upwards to the contralateral side
26
What is superficial to the SCM?
external jugular vein cervical plexus--> greater auricular + transverse cervical nerves ## Footnote greater auricular+transverse cervical nerve=erb's point
27
What is torticollis (Wryneck)?
spasmodic contracture of the SCM muscle
28
What causes torticollis?
1. Fibroma 2. Excessive pull on the head of a baby during delivery 3. Chronic trochlear nerve (CN4) palsy 4. Dystonia (involuntary contraction) of the cervical muscles\ 5. Irritation of the spinal accessory nerve (CN11) 6. Ear infections ## Footnote 2 and 5 could be in question stem
29
What is the result of torticollis?
twisting of the neck + slanting of the chin away from the affected side If right SCM affected--> chin toward the left If left SCM affected--> chin toward the right
30
What is the hyoid bone?
U-shaped bone--> suspended by the Stylohyoid ligament connects to the thyroid cartilage via thyrohyoid membrane
31
How is the hyoid bone organized? (lower yield)
hyoid body greater cornua (horn) lesser cornua (horn)
32
What are the muscle attachments of the hyoid bone?
geniohyoid stylohyoid mylohyoid sternohyoid thyrohyoid middle pharyngeal constrictor
33
What are the suprahyoid cervical muscles of the neck ?
"Supras Still Get Decent Mileage" stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniophyoid all attach to hyoid bone
34
All of the suprahyoid muscles are above what? And what do they all do?
they are all above the hyoid bone and they all elevate the hyoid bone
35
What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the stylohyoid?
PA: styloid process DA: hyoid body Innervation: facial n (CNVII=7) Action: elongation of mouth floor
36
What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the digastric?
PA: digastric fossa of the mandible (ant. belly), mastoid notch (posterior belly) DA: hyoid body + greater horn Innervation: mylohyoid n. (ant. belly) and facial n. (post. belly) Action: depression of mandible-->opens mouth
37
What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the mylohyoid?
PA: mylohyoid line (of the mandible) DA: hyoid body Innervation: mylohyoid n. Action: elevation of the mouth floor--> closes mouth
38
What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the geniophyoid?
PA: inferior mental spine DA: hyoid body Innervation: C1 of cervical plexus Action: shortens mouth floor + widens the pharynx
39
What are the infrahyoid cervical muscles of the neck?
TOSS thyrohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid
40
All of the infrahyoid muscles are below what? And what do they do?
All infrahyoid muscles are below the hyoid bone, so all but 1 depress the hyoid bone
41
What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the omohyoid?
PA: superior scapula DA: hyoid body Innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-3) Action: retract + stabilize hyoid bone
42
What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the sternohyoid?
PA: manubrium + medial clavicle DA: hyoid body Innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-3) Action: depress hyoid bone
43
What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the sternothyroid?
PA: posterior manubrium DA: oblique line of the thyroid lamina Innervation: ansa cervicalis (C2-3) Action: depress the larynx
44
What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the thyrohyoid?
PA: oblique line of thyroid lamina DA: hyoid body + greater horn Innervation: C1 of cervical plexus Action: elevate the pharynx & depresses the hyoid bone
45
Action of the mylohyoid+ geniohyoid
pulls hyoid upward and forward
46
Action of the stylohyoid
pulls hyoid upward and backwards
47
Action of the digastric
pulls hyoid upwards through "pulley"
48
Action of the omohyoid + sternohyoid + thyrohyoid
pulls hyoid downward
49
Does the sternothyroid attach to the hyoid bone?
NO so it does not act on the hyoid bone
50
The neck is divided into what triangles?
anterior & posterior triangles by the SCM
51
The anterior triangle can be subdivided into what 3 triangles?
submental triangle, submandibular triangle, carotid triangle
52
What are the two muscles of the anterior triangle and what do they divide?
digastric muscle--> divides submental + submandibular triangles omohyoid m--> divides carotid triangle
53
What are the anterior triangle boundaries? high yield
Anterior= median line of the neck posterior= anterior surface of the SCM superior (base)= inferior mandible apex (point)= jugular notch of the manubrium roof= superficial fascia + platysma m.
54
What are the contents of the anterior triangle? low yield
pharynx, layrnx, thyroid gland
55
What is the muscle of the submental triangle and what does it divide?
digastric m--> divides submental + submandibular triangles
56
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle? high yield
"CHIN" inferior (base): hyoid body lateral wall: ant. belly of digastric m. apex (point): symphysis menti floor: mylohyoid m.
57
What are the contents of the submental triangle? low yield
submental lymph nodes tributaries of the ant. jugular vein
58
What is the muscle of the submandibular triangle and what does it divide?
digastric m--> divides submental + submandibular triangles
59
What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle? high yield
Superior (base): inferior mandible anterior: ant. belly of digastric m. posterior: post. belly of digastric m. stylohyoid m. apex (point): hyoid bone floor: mylohyoid m. hypoglossus m
60
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?low yield
submandibular gland+ lymph nodes facial vessels hypoglossal n (CN XII=12) submental artery
61
What is the muscle of the carotid triangle and what does it divide?
omohyoid m--> divides the carotid triangle
62
What are the carotid triangle boundaries?high yield
Superior= posterior belly of digastric m anterior (base)= superior belly of omohyoid m posterior + apex= SCM
63
What are the contents of the carotid triangle?
Common carotid art + vein -external art + vein -internal carotid art + vein Carotid body + sinus Hypoglossal n. (CNXII=12)
64
What are the boundaries of the posterior(lateral) triangle? high yield
Anterior: posterior surface of the SCM Posterior: trapezius Floor (base)=middle 1/3 clavicle Apex (point)=occipital bone
65
What are the posterior triangle contents? low yield
Muscles: splenius capitus, levator scapulae, middle scalene, posterior scalene Nerves: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI=11), trunks of the brachial plexus Arteries: subclavian artery--> transverse cervical artery
66
What is this arrow pointing to?
Stylohyoid muscle
67
What is this arrow pointing to?
Digastric muscle
68
What is this arrow pointing to?
Mylohyoid muscle
69
What is this arrow pointing to?
Geniohyoid muscle
70
What is this arrow pointing to?(high yield)
Omohyoid muscle
71
What is this arrow pointing to?
Sternothyroid muscle
72
What is this arrow pointing to? (High yield)
Sternohyoid muscle
73
What is this arrow pointing to?
Sternohyoid muscle
74
What is this arrow pointing to? (high yieldO
Thyrohyoid muscle
75
What is this arrow pointing to?
Thyrohyoid muscle

Anatomy (13 decks)

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