Exam4 Hyperlipidemia

Question 1

high HDL is..

Answer 1

cardioprotective. can cancel out high ldl

Question 2

risk of MI inc. 25% for every…

Answer 2

%5 decrease of HDL

Question 3

HDL increased by…

Answer 3

work out, drink, estrogen

Question 4

HDL decreased by…

Answer 4

HyperTAG, tobacco, obesity, roids.

Question 5

2 main lipids in blood…

Answer 5

Cholesterol, Triglycerides

Question 6

Cholesterol forms

Answer 6

backbone of steroid hormones and bile acids

Question 7

Triglycerides transfer

Answer 7

energy from food into cells

Question 8

lipoproteins carry both

Answer 8

triglycerides and cholesterol

Question 9

Higher lipid content= lower the density. Order high to low lipid content (Cody Very Large Head)

Answer 9

Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL

Question 10

Chylomicrons, via diet fat, energy from food—> muscle and fat cells

Answer 10

portal vein—>liver, thoracic duct—-> circulation

Question 11

VLDL, liver makes it from fat/carbs stores. Made mostly of..

Answer 11

TAG

Question 12

VLDL—> LDL

Answer 12

LDL is ‘bad’ cholesterol

Question 13

bad cholesterol because…

Answer 13

LDL mostly taken up by liver (becomes bile), while LDL in arteries leads to atherosclerosis

Question 14

Familial Hypercholesterolemia…

Answer 14

defect in LDL receptor

Question 15

LDL cholesterol where is makes cell membrane and bile acid

Answer 15

yucky

Question 16

Reduce LDL, lower chol. synth via…

Answer 16

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor STATINS

Question 17

Reduce LDL, inc. cholesterol excretion via…

Answer 17

bile acid sequestrants block resorption, poop out cholesterol

Question 18

Reduce LDL, reduce chol. absorption

Answer 18

Plant stanol esters, Ezetimibe

Question 19

HDL made in liver and intestines, does what?

Answer 19

Reverse cholesterol transport (Transfer chol into other lipoproteins or into liver)

Question 20

Net cholesterol balanced by 3 systems…

Answer 20

extrahepatics, liver, intestines

Question 21

cholesterol balance…

Answer 21

chol. synth/absorption vs. chol. excretion

Question 22

Fasting lipid panel (not for pregnant pt.)

Answer 22

TAG affected by eating, cholesterol is not

Question 23

Desired level for TOTAL Cholesterol=

Answer 23

< 200

Question 24

Best level for TAG=

Answer 24

< 150

Question 25

< 100=

Answer 25

Best level for LDL, but you want <70 if CAD or DM!!

Question 26

HDL levels: What's high? low?

Answer 26

60+ is High, <40 Low

Question 27

Low LDL can suggest...

Answer 27

AIDS, liver disease, Hyperthyroid, Chronic Anemia, etc. LOW LDL NOT ALWAYS GOOD

Question 28

Checking w/ 12 hour fast, HyperTAG=

Answer 28

obesity, DM, lover disease, EtOH, Accutane

Question 29

pancreatitis, eruptive skin xanthomas

Answer 29

HyperTAG >1000

Question 30

Familial Hypercholesterolemia (absent LDL receptors)=

Answer 30

Early CHD

Question 31

simvastatin targets LDL

Answer 31

TAG targeted by fibrate, niacin.

Question 32

Hyperlipidemia has no symptoms, while Xanthelasma presents with...

Answer 32

yellow medial eyelids | familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 33

HyperTAG >2000

Answer 33

creamy fundus= Lipemia Retinalis

Question 34

Coronary Heart Disease via high Cholesterol

Answer 34

some risk factors you can't change, but you CAN change... HYPERLIPIDEMIA HTN HDL 60+ or <40

Question 35

How does LDL or HDL work?

Answer 35

nobody knows

Question 36

LDL? More like LameDL

Answer 36

HDL? More like HappyDL

Question 37

Lipid core, lipid-laden macrophage foam and inflammatory cells= vulnerable plaques

Answer 37

tissue factor---> pro-coagulation---> stimulates thrombus, results in MI

Question 38

STATINS for CAD, bring LDL to...

Answer 38

<70, but also treat ALL aspects of CAD

Question 39

Tx diet, exercise, meds for...

Answer 39

Hyperlipidemia

Question 40

diet to lower LDL, BP, CHD, stroke=

Answer 40

little red meat, more of the good stuff

Question 41

Exercise increases..

Answer 41

HDL! 30 minutes moderate/daily

Question 42

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

Answer 42

FIRST LINE Tx to lower LDL, usually taken at night

Question 43

rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynth?

Answer 43

HMG-CoA

Question 44

Statins benefit pts. with CHD, HTN, Hyperlipidemia, high total cholesterol, high LDL. SIDE EFFECTS?

Answer 44

Myopathy- try to switch statins if so. Serum Creatine Kinase checks for Myopathy Elevated LFTs- try EZETIMIBE if so.

Question 45

Simvastatin in high dose can lead to

Answer 45

Myopathy

Question 46

Fibrates used for?

Answer 46

HyperTAG. FIRST LINE for diabetics c hyperTAG

Question 47

Nicotinic Acid (Niacin) used for?

Answer 47

increases HDL (watch for flushing)

Question 48

How to lower LDL?

Answer 48

Bile acid sequestrants (statins are better)

Question 49

use bile acid sequestrants in pts with hyperTAG?

Answer 49

NO! bas can raise TAG

Question 50

Ezetimibe inhibits...

Answer 50

absorption of cholesterol. lowers LDL

Question 51

Fish Oils decrease TAG

Answer 51

decrease TAG with fish oils

Question 52

Fibrates and Fish Oils decrease...

Answer 52

TAG. ok i get it.

Question 53

SUMMARIZE PREFERRED LEVELS HERE

Answer 53

SUMMARIZE Rx HERE