Examination Of The Motor System (handout based)

Question 0

steadiness and verticality of the standing posture

Answer 0

Station

Question 1

Initial inspection of Body Contours, Posture and Gait

Answer 1

• Motor examination begins the moment the patient walks into your clinic
• Have the patient undress
• Determine the patient’s gestalt, somatotype or body build
• Inspect the size and contour of muscles

Question 2

Walking is also known as

Answer 2

Gait

Question 3

muscles are strongest when tested from the shortest position

Answer 3

Length - strength principle

Question 4

muscles which support the standing posture against collapse by pull of gravity

Answer 4

Anti - gravity muscle principle

Question 5

Grading of strength testing

Answer 5

0 - No contraction
1 - A flicker or trace of contraction
2 - Active movement with gravity eliminated
3 - Active movement against gravity
4 - Active movement againstgravity and moderate resistance
5 - Normal power

Question 6

Muscular resistance apart from gravity or joint disease the examiner feels when manipulating a patient’s resting joint

Answer 6

Muscle Tone

Question 7

Muscle tone is due to:

Answer 7

• Elasticity of the muscle

* Number and rate of motor discharges

Question 8

Initial catch or resistance and then a yielding when the examiner manipulates the patient’s resting extremity

Answer 8

Spasticity

Question 9

Increased muscular resistance felt throughout the entire range of movement when the examiner slowly manipulates a patient’s resting joint

Answer 9

Rigidity

Question 10

Resistance equal in degree and range that the patient presents to the examiner as he tries to move a part in any direction

Answer 10

Paratonia

Question 11

Decreased resistance

Answer 11

Flaccidity

Question 12

Increased range of motion of the joint movement (i.e hyperextensible knees or flaccid heel cords)

Answer 12

Flaccidity

Question 13

Grading of MSR (muscle stretch reflex)

Answer 13

0 - Areflexia
1 - Hyporeflexia
2 and 3 - Normal
4 and 4+ - Hypereflexia

Question 14

Superficial (plantar) Reflexes: Move an object along the lateral side of the foot

Answer 14

chaddock

Question 15

Superficial (plantar) Reflexes: Squeeze hard on the Achilles tendon

Answer 15

Schaeffer

Question 16

Superficial (plantar) Reflexes: Press your knuckles on the patient’s shin and move them down

Answer 16

Oppenheim

Question 17

Superficial (plantar) Reflexes: Squeeze the calf muscles momentarily

Answer 17

Gordon

Question 18

Superficial (plantar) Reflexes: Make multiple light pinpricks on the dorsolateral surface of the foot

Answer 18

Bing

Question 19

Superficial (plantar) Reflexes: Pull on the 4thtoe outward and downward for a brief time and release suddenly

Answer 19

Gonda, Stransky

Question 20

Paralyzes movements in hemiplegic, quadriplegic distribution, not individual muscles

Answer 20

UMN Lesion

Question 21

Atrophy of disuse

Answer 21

UMN Lesion

Question 22

Hyperactive MSRs; (+)Clonus, Clasp-knife spasticity; (+) Extensor Toe Sign

Answer 22

UMN Lesion

Question 23

Paralyzes individual muscles or sets of muscles in root or peripheral nerve distribution

Answer 23

LMN Lesion

Question 24

Atrophy of denervation

Answer 24

LMN Lesion

Question 25

Hypoactive MSRs; Hypotonia; (+) Fasciculationsand Fibrillations

Answer 25

LMN Lesion

Question 26

Are sensorimotor functions that are lost after a neurologic lesion (i.e. loss of movement, loss of vision)

Answer 26

Deficit phenomenon

Question 27

Are sensorimotor functions that become increased or first emerge after a neurologic lesion (i.e. hyperactive MSRs, Babinski sign); The lesion has interrupted inhibitory connections

Answer 27

Release phenomenon

Question 28

rhythmic oscillations of a body part

Answer 28

Tremor

Question 29

incessant, random, quick movement

Answer 29

Chorea

Question 30

slow, writhing movement of fingers and extremities

Answer 30

Athetosis

Question 31

prolonged slow, alternating contraction and relaxation of agonist and antagonist muscles

Answer 31

Dystonia

Question 32

violent flinging movements of one half of the body

Answer 32

Hemiballismus

Question 33

quick, lightning-fast movements of face and upper extremties

Answer 33

Ticks