Examination of the respiratory system Flashcards

Question

Physio findings of nose and paranasal sinuses

Answer 1

Temp same as surroundings Palpation not painful Percussion sound is sharp, bone-like Faint, regular noise during expiration Nostrils have regular shape and symmetrica width Nasal alae don't move during insp and exp Percussion sound of paranasal sinuses is sharp, bone-like Nasal plane is moist, intact, pigmented and no discharge Soft and hard-palate are intact, moist and are pinkish-red Mucus membrane of nose is light pink, smooth, shiny and intact

Answer 2

``` Origin Frequency Strength Tone Occurrence Duration Secretion Any pain Depth Localization of origin Quality of sputum- if productive vs non-productive ```

Answer 3

``` Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lung emphysema, chronic bronchitis Pneumonia Cardiac Disease ```

Answer 4

gagging, tendency to vomit | Larynx paralysis- deep and long hoars

Answer 5

Tracheitis- bark like | Tracheal collapse: goose-honking cough

Answer 6

Acute is like tracheitis | Chronic is wet! mucus and pus

Answer 7

Wet, hacking cough

Answer 8

Press the tracheal rings or press the thorax very rapidly during expiration

Answer 9

``` Medium held Medium intensive Medium deep Unsnapping Dry Sharp Painless Does not recur ```

Answer 10

External: inspection, palpation, auscultation Internal: inspection Additional: X-ray, endoscopy, CT and MR

Answer 11

``` Shape size: half peanut Covered by semilunar fold Colour Surface Symmetricity ```

Answer 12

External: inspection, palpation, auscultation | Additional

Answer 13

X-ray Endoscopy CT, MRI Tracheal fluids- sampling and analysis- cytology etc...

Answer 14

``` Inspection Palpation Auscultation Percussion Additional ```

Answer 15

Chest Resp movements Dyspnea

Answer 16

Skin Shape and size Bilateral symmetry Local deformities

Answer 17

Frequency Rhythm Type Depth

Answer 18

``` Normal- insp is a bit longer Held insp- narrowing upper airways or abd P Held exp- decreased lung elasticity Shorter insp or expiration- usually pain Assymetric- bronchus obstruction Intermittent ```

Answer 19

Normal is costo-abdominal Costal- function of diaphragm lost or increased abdominal P Abdominal: painful chest diseases, paralysis of intercostal muscles

Answer 20

Insp Exp Mixed

Answer 21

Narrowed upper airways Pneumothorax Pleural effusion Proloned insp Extension of head and neck, dilated nostrils, sagging belly

Answer 22

Compression/ obstruction of lower airways Microbronchitis Fibrous pleuritis Prolonged and laboured exp Work of abd muscles more severe, extension of head and neck

Answer 23

Decreased compliance Pulmonary edema, emphysema Neoplasm Forced inspiration and expiration

Answer 24

Normally: abdomen and chest move in and out together Diaphragm moves downwards during insp and upwards during exp During paradoxical- the diaphragm and abdominal wall moves opposite to expected Chest movements are restricted

Answer 25

Pleural fluid Pneumothorax Diaphragm paralysis Broken ribs

Answer 26

Temp- intercostal spaces from dors to ventral Fremitus pectoalis- bronchitis, valve insufficiency Pain Deformities

Answer 27

Spontaneous or artificially induced sounds Indirect= mediate Direct= immediate

Answer 28

Blow-like, develops in upper airways Stronger during insp Resp sounds do not originate from alveoli or small bronchi

Answer 29

Directly audible with ear: nose, larynx, trachea | Indirect: use stethoscope: larynx, trachea, thorax

Answer 30

Elongated soft palate and laryngeal collapse, stenosis of nares--- this all leads to dyspnoea

Answer 31

Physio: above larynx and trachea Blowing character and prolonged syllable 'ch' normal during inhalation in cow, dog, cat, sus ALWAYS abnormal during exhalation Best heard at anterior resp area over the larger bronchi close to the surface of the body Abnormal when peribronchial lung tissue contains less air e.g bronchitis, pneumonia and pneuomothorax

Answer 32

``` NEVER physio Need to describe place strength type resp phase when heard if temp or permanent ```

Answer 33

Non-musical and musical

Answer 34

Sudden arising and stopping Because of areas infiltrated with fluid Caused by abrupt opening of previously closed bronchi and the vibration of the small bronchial wall Crepitation, crackling, rattling, stertor Early insp: obstruction of bronchi >2mm in diameter Bronchopneumonia, COPD Late insp: compression of bronchi <2mm in diameter Pulm edema, interstitial pneumonia

Answer 35

Continuous regarding the phase of the resp cycle Obstructive lung disease- results in active expiration Venturi effect: smaller diameter, quicker airflow Walls vibrate between insp and exp Whistling- higher monophon Wheezing- lower monophon

Answer 36

During inspiration- extrathoracal Caused by upper airway obstruction e.g laryngeal paralysis During late insp- intrathoracal resonant sound- originates from bronchial compression caused by enlarged lung parenchyma During expiration-intrathoracal resonant sound- from obstruction of bronchi and bronchiole e.g COPD

Answer 37

Abnormal shift of lung borders Elevation of caudoventral border Altered percussion sound of the lung borders

Answer 38

Caudal borders- backwards and downwards Alveolar and interstitial lung emphysema Decreased percussion area of lungs- caused by abdominal distension- ascites, pregnancy

Answer 39

Increased cardiac dullness- cardiomegaly, pericardial effusion

Answer 40

Relative dullness Absolute dullness- thickened thoracic wall, pleural effusion Tympanic- atelactic parenchyma around lung Hollow/box sound- lung emphysema Metallic- penumothorax

Answer 41

Enlarged cardiac dullness

Answer 42

``` X-ray US Endoscopy- rigid or flexible endoscope BAL Bronchial fluid ananlysis Thoracocentesis CT, MR Lung function tests Blood acid base analysis ```

Answer 43

Sneezing, reverse sneezing Nasal discharge Epistaxis Stridor Diseases: Rhinitis Neoplasia Foreign body

Answer 44

Laryngeal disfunction causing obstruction of the epiglottis -- need to first rule out rabies!!! Difficulty swallowing Regurgitation ``` Diseases: Foreign body Elongated soft palate Tonsilitis/ laryngitis Laryngeal paralysis/ collapse ```

Answer 45

Bronchopneumonia Chronic bronchitis Pulmonary parasites Tracheal collapse

Examination of the respiratory system Flashcards

(69 cards)