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MD3001 > Examprep Normal CVS > Flashcards

Examprep Normal CVS Flashcards

1
Q

How can capillaries increases the amount of fluid in tissues?

A

Increased capillary permeability

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2
Q

In an ECG, what normally has a duration of 0.12-0.2s?

A

PR Interval

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3
Q

During exercise, a process of anticipatory increases the heart rate and oxygen supply before an increase is actually needed.
What is the name of this process?

A

Feedforward mechanism

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4
Q

What is an example of a potent hormonal vasoconstrictor?

A

Angiotensin II

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5
Q

What is the most direct contributor to increased pulsatility of blood vessels?

A

Increased vascular resistance

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6
Q

What blood vessel has individual smooth muscle cells rather than a continuous tunica media?

A

Metarterioles

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7
Q

What physiological parameter remains static between rest and exercise?

A

Diastolic arterial pressure

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8
Q

What is the likely method of movement for glucose across membranes?

A

Simple diffusion

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9
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The amount pumped out of the left ventricle per unit time

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10
Q

How do the cells of the SA node discharge?

A

Spontaneously

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11
Q

What is the normal range of pressure in capillaries from the arteriolar ends to venous ends?

A

35mmHg to 10mmHg

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12
Q

What does Noradrenaline bind to?

What does it do?

A
  • Binds to a1 receptors

- Causes vasoconstriction

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13
Q

What is absent in atrial fibrillation on an ECG?

A

P waves

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14
Q

Which organ recieves 9% of cardiac output?

A

Skin

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15
Q

The union of the common iliac veins and IVC occurs at which spinal level?

A

L5

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16
Q

What part of the ECG shows depolarisation of the inter-ventricular septum from left to right?

A

Q wave

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17
Q

What is the main characteristic of the cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling process that differentiates it from that seen in skeletal muscle?

A

Action potential in cardiac muscle last several hundred milliseconds

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18
Q

What do arterioles contribute to?

A

Total peripheral resistance

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19
Q

What does angiotensin II stimulate?

A

Stimulates ADH release

20
Q

What do vasa vasorum consist of?

A

Small blood vessels which provide nutrients for the outer regions of the vessel wall

21
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood pumper per heartbeat

22
Q

Do cardiac muscle fibres branch regularly or irregularly?

A

Irregularly

23
Q

Within which part of the brain are there receptors to detect blood osmolality?

A

Hypothalamus

24
Q

Which group of nodes drain the anterior and posterior thoracic walls?

A

Axillary nodes

25
Q

What contains the largest percentage of blood volume- arteries, heart, veins, vena cava, aorta?

A

Veins

26
Q

At what site can pulse character be accurately and reliably assessed?

A

Carotid pulse

27
Q

When does the second heart sound occur?

A

At beginning of ventricular diastole

28
Q

Regarding energy release, what does Starlings law say?

A

The energy released during contraction depends on the initial fibre length

29
Q

On an ECG what part is the depolarisation of the area of the heart near the base?

A

S wave

30
Q

What is an indirect branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

Inferior gluteal artery

31
Q

What is the origin of sympathetic nerves which innervate the nodal tissue and the heart muscle?

A

T1-T5

32
Q

What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

A

Superior thyroid artery

33
Q

What is the first phase of the triple response to histamine?

A

Vasodilation of the pre capillary sphincters

34
Q

Where on the chest would you place your stethoscope to listen to the pulmonary valve?

A

2nd left intercostal space

35
Q

What artery do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

Ascending aorta

36
Q 
What is NOT a baroreceptor on the carotid sinus?-
Aortic nerve
Carotid sinus nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve 
Nodose ganglion
Nucleus tractus solitarius
A

Aortic Nerve

37
Q

Which substance produced by the kidneys helps to maintain normal blood pressure?

A

Renin

38
Q

Is the aorta and Pulmonary trunk elastic or muscular arteries?

A

Elastic arteries

39
Q

Describe Albumin in terms of permeability?

A

It has a high molecular weight and therefore has a low permeability

40
Q

What part of the ECG varies with heart rate?

A

QT interval

41
Q

What is the normal duration of the QRS interval?

A

0.12-0.2s

42
Q

What is the normal sodium concentration in blood plasma?

A

140mM

43
Q

What occurs at the isovolumetric ventricular contraction phase ?

A

Ventricular volume does not change

44
Q

What is the normal mean arterial pressure range in the pulmonary artery of a healthy person?

A

9-18mmHg

45
Q

Which part of the heart is supplied by the circumflex coronary artery?

A

Lateral, posterior and inferior segments of the left ventricle

46
Q

What does the superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins drain into?

A
  • Superior and middle thyroid veins drain into internal jugular vein
  • Inferior thyroid veins drain to the brachiocephalic veins
47
Q

In late diastole, which chambers contract?

A

None of the chambers

MD3001 (15 decks)

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