EXAMS NOTES

Question 1

Four differences of DNA vs. RNA

Answer 1

1. Deoxyribose - Ribose
2. Double-stranded - Single-stranded
3. A, T, C, G - A, U, C, G
4. Nucleus - Nucleus & cytoplasm

Question 2

Components of an amino acid

Answer 2

H
|
H₂N–C–COOH
|
R

Question 3

What is glycolysis?

Answer 3

Cytosolic pathway that converts 1 glucose → 2 pyruvate, yielding 2 ATP + 2 NADH

Question 4

Three classifications of enzymes

Answer 4

1. Lyases
2. Hydrolases
3. Ligases

Question 5

Four enzymes in glycolysis

Answer 5

1. Aldolase
2. Enolase
3. Pyruvate kinase
4. Hexokinase

Question 6

Five functions of carbohydrates

Answer 6

1. Energy source
2. Structural
3. Cell recognition
4. Lubrication
5. Backbone of nucleotides

Question 7

If there is 30% adenine in DNA, what % cytosine?

Answer 7

A = 30%, T = 30% ⇒ remaining 40% split equally ⇒ C = 20% (and G = 20%).

Question 8

4 functions of enzymes

Answer 8

1. Lowering Activation Energy
2. Substrate Specificity
3. Rate Enhancement
4. Regulation of Metabolic Pathways