Exams Semester I Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
As one becomes larger or smaller the other becomes larger or smaller
A
Directly proportional
2
Q
Indication of how close a measurement is toots accepted value
A
Accuracy
3
Q
The closeness of two or more measurements to each other
A
Precision
4
Q
Mass of an object divided by its volume
A
Density
5
Q
Each of the digits of a number that is significant
A
Significant figures
6
Q
Your answer - actual answer / actual answer
A
Percent error
7
Q
Mass
———– = ?
Volume
A
Density
8
Q
Giga (G)
A
10^9
9
Q
Mega (M)
A
10^6
10
Q
Kilo (k)
A
10^3
11
Q
Hecto (h)
A
10^1
12
Q
Deca (da)
A
10^0
13
Q
Deci (d)
A
10^-1
14
Q
Centi (c)
A
10^-2
15
Q
milli (m)
A
10^-3
16
Q
Micro (u)
A
10^-6
17
Q
Nano (n)
A
10^-9
18
Q
Process by which the composition and properties of a substance change
A
Chemical change
19
Q
A process by which a substance undergoes a change that does not undergo a change
A
Physical change
20
Q
Characteristic of a substance that cannot be observed without altering the identity
A
Chemical property
21
Q
Characteristic of a substance that can be observed without altering the identity
A
Physical property
22
Q
Substance that can not be separated into simpler substances by a chemical change
A
Element
23
Q
Substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportions
A
Compound
24
Q
Mixture in which the particles are not uniformly intermingled and that therefore was visibly different parts
A
Heterogeneous mixture
25
Mixture made up of uniformly intermingled particles that therefore does not contain visibly different parts
Homogenous mixture
26
Blend of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined
Mixture
27
Process that releases heat
Exothermic change
28
Process that absorbs heat
Endothermic change
29
What kind of material is water?
Compound
30
What kind of material is air?
Homogeneous mixture
31
What kind of material is salad?
Heterogeneous mixture
32
What kind of material is oxygen?
Element
33
What kind of change is iron rusting?
Chemical
34
What kind of change is sugar dissolving?
Physical
35
What kind of change is paper burning?
Chemical
36
What kind of property is color?
Physical
37
What kind of property is mass?
Physical
38
What kind of property is flammability?
Chemical
39
What kind of change is ice melting?
Endothermic
40
What kind of change is wood burning?
Exothermic
41
What kind of change is cake baking?
Endothermic
42
Positively charged particle within the nucleus of an atom
Protons
43
Neutral particle within the nucleus of an atom
Neutrons
44
Negatively charged particle within an atom
Electrons
45
An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge because it has lost or gained electrons
Ions
46
Atom that has the same number of protons as another atom, but has a different number of neutrons
Isotopes
47
Ionizing radiation consisting of alpha particles, emitted by some substances undergoing radioactive decay
Alpha radiation
48
Ionizing radiation consisting of beta particles, emitted by some substances undergoing beta decay
Beta radiation
49
Gamma rays
Gamma radiation
50
Splitting of an atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei of approximately equal mass
Nuclear fission
51
Joining of two atomic nuclei of smaller mass to form a single nucleus of greater mass
Nuclear fusion
52
What contributions did Dalton make to the atomic theory?
Thought an atom could not be subdivided anymore
53
What contributions did Thomson make to the atomic theory?
Plum Pudding Model= discovered electrons
54
What contributions did Rutherford make to the atomic theory?
Gold Foil Experiment= discovered the nucleus
55
```
Zn-70
Atomic #: ?
Atomic mass: ?
#of protons: ?
#of neutrons: ?
#of electrons: ?
```
```
Atomic #: 30
Atomic mass: 70
#of protons: 30
#of neutrons: 40
#of electrons: 30
```
56
```
23
Na+
11
Atomic #: ?
Atomic mass: ?
#of protons: ?
#of neutrons: ?
#of electrons: ?
```
```
Atomic #: 11
Atomic mass: 23
#of protons: 11
#of neutrons: 12
#of electrons: 10
```
57
What is the equation for alpha?
4
He
2
58
What is the equation for beta?
0
e
-1
59
Distance between two successive similar points on a wave
Wavelength
60
Number of waves that pass a certain point in a given amount of time
Frequency
61
Term used to describe the probability of finding electrons in certain regions of an atom
Orbital
62
Lowest energy level of electrons in an atom
Ground state
63
Energy level attained by an electron that absorbs additional energy and jumps from its normal level to a higher energy level
Excited state
64
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic radiation?
As wavelengths continue to increase, frequency decreases
65
What is the relationship between energy and frequency of a wave?
Energy and frequency of a wave are directly proportional, meaning if one increases/decreases, the other will do the same
66
Each electron occupies the lowest possible energy orbital, all orbitals related to an energy level are of equal energy
What is the Aufbau principle?
67
A maximum of two electrons may occupy a single orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins
What is the Pauli exclusion principle?
68
Single electrons with the same spins must occupy each equal energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbital
What is Hund's rule?
69
The natural law that states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
Periodic law
70
Distance between the center of the nucleus of an atom
Atomic radius
71
Energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from an atom
Ionization energy
72
Atomic radius
Left>>right = ?
Up>>down = ?
Decreases
| Increases
73
Ionization energy
Left>>right = ?
Up>>down = ?
Increases
| Decreases
74
Low densities, low melting points, soft enough to be cut by a knife, very reactive; IA
Alkali metals
75
High densities, high melting points; IIA
Alkaline earth metals
76
High densities, high melting points, good conductors; group 3-12
Transition metals
77
Soft silvery metals, reacts slowly with water, tarnish readily in air, many are radioactive; bottom elements
Inner transition metals
78
Highly reactive, react with metals and nonmetals, low densities; VIIA
Halogens
79
Least reactive elements; VIII
Noble gases
80
Related so that as one becomes smaller the other becomes larger
Inversely proportional
