Flashcards in Excess Androgens, Congenital Disorders and Male Hypogonadism Deck (32)
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1
What is hirsutism?
Excess hair in a male pattern, in a woman
2
What causes hirsutism?
Excess androgens at the hair follicle
3
Give 4 causes of hirsutism which present with a long history, fairly normal testosterone and no virilisation?
PCOS, familial, idiopathic, non-classical CAH
4
How does hirsutism as a result of an adrenal or ovarian tumour present?
Short history with virilisation
5
What is non-classical CAH?
A partial 21 alpha hydroxylase deficiency which presents in adolescence
6
How may non-classical CAH present?
Hirsutism, menstrual irregularity, infertility
7
What treatment is used in non classical CAH?
Low dose corticosteroid
8
What are the testosterone levels in an androgen secreting tumour?
High (>5)
9
Which out of adrenal and ovarian androgen secreting tumours are more likely to be malignant?
Adrenal
10
XO is what condition? Which sex does this affect?
Turner's syndrome, only affects girls
11
What are some features of Turner's syndrome?
Short stature, webbed neck, wide spaced nipples, lymphedema, delayed puberty
12
What should be screened for in an individual with Turner's syndrome?
Cardiac and renal problems, IBD, osteoporosis and scoliosis
13
What cardiac problems may Turner's cause?
Coarctation of the aorta, bicuspid aortic valve, hypo plastic left heart
14
What is XX gonadal dysgenesis?
Absent ovaries but no chromosomal abnormalities
15
What is testicular feminisation?
Androgen insensitivity syndrome: genetically XY but phenotypically female
16
When is a hysteroscopy performed?
Only in cases where there is suspected or known endometrial pathology
17
What is the main investigation for pelvic disease?
Pelvic ultrasound
18
What are the levels of testosterone and LH/FSH in primary hypogonadism?
Testosterone- low, LH/FSH- high
19
What is the most common congenital form of hypogonadism in males?
Kleinfelter's syndrome
20
What is the chromosomal abnormality in Kleinfelter's syndrome?
XXY
21
What are some symptoms of Kleinfelter's syndrome?
Decreased testicular volume, gynaecomastia, intellectual dysfunction, azoospermia
22
Are people with Kleinfelter's syndrome fertile?
No
23
In Kleinfelter's syndrome, what are the levels of testosterone, LH/FSH, SHBG, oestrogen?
Testosterone- low, everything else high
24
What are the levels of testosterone and LH/FSH in secondary hypogonadism?
Testosterone- low, LH/FSH- inappropriately low
25
What is the main cause of secondary hypogonadism in males?
Hypothalamic/pituitary disease
26
What are some congenital/acquired causes of secondary hypogonadism in males?
IHH, Kallmann's, CAH
27
When is testosterone replacement therapy used in hypogonadism?
In young men (< 50)
28
Does testosterone cause prostate cancer?
No, but it can exacerbate it if it is already there
29
Will testosterone therapy restore fertility?
No
30
What may testosterone therapy help with?
Improved sexual function, bone health, body composition, insulin sensitivity, QOL and cognition
31
Gynaecomastia is a result of an increase in what hormone?
Oestrogen
32
