Excratory System Flashcards
(22 cards)
1
Q
Roles of the Excretory System
A
- eliminate nitrogenous wastes
- maintain water balance
- regulate blood pH
2
Q
Liver and Waste Products
A
- deamination is the removal of an animo group from an organic compunds (protein)
- excess protein is converted into carbohydrates by removing the amino group
- byproduct of deamination, ammonia, is binded to carbon dioxide to form urea
- breakdown of nucleic acids forms a byproduct of uric acid
3
Q
Organs Surrounding the Kidney
A
- renal artery: brings blood to the kidneys to be cleaned
- renal vein: receives clean blood from the kidneys
- ureters: receives urine from the kidneys and transports them to the bladder
- bladder: stores urine until about 200 mL of urine signals for a urination
- urethra: transports urine out of the body from the bladder
4
Q
Parts of the Kidney
A
- cortex: outer layer of connective tissue, main area of nephrons
- medulla: area within the cortex, facilitates the loop of Henle
- renal pelvis: hollow chamber within the kidney where the ureter connects to the kidney
5
Q
Nephrons
A
- the functional units of the kidney
- one million units in each kidney
- site of blood filtration
6
Q
Afferent Arteriole
A
Delivers blood from the renal artery into the glomerulus of the nephron
7
Q
Glomerulus
A
- site of blood filtraton
- high pressure capillary bed
8
Q
Efferent Arteriole
A
Receives filtered blood from the glomerulus and delivers them to the capillary bed
9
Q
Peritubular Capillaries
A
Capillary bed that wraps around the kidney tubules
10
Q
Bowman’s Capsule
A
- wraps around the glomerulus like a cup
- high pressure of the glomerulus causes H₂0, Na⁺, Cl⁻, H⁺, nutrients (glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals), urea, uric acid, to be forced into the Bowman’s capsule
- plasma proteins, RBCs, platelets remain in the blood
11
Q
Proximal Tubule
A
- bulk of nutrient absorbtion
- thin and contains numerous mitochondria
- HCO₃⁻, H₂0 is passively transported back into the blood
- Na⁺, Cl⁻, nutrients are actively transported into the blood
- H⁺ is actively transported into the filtrate
- absorbtion of HCO₃⁻ and secretion of H⁺ regulates pH
12
Q
Descending Loop of Henle
A
- permeable to water
- hypertonic solution of the medulla causes H₂0 to be passively transported into the blood
- Na⁺, Cl⁻ becomes more concentrated
13
Q
Ascending Loop of Henle
A
- bottom thin segment is permeable to salts
- Na⁺, Cl⁻ is passively transported into blood
- top thick segment actively transports Na⁺, Cl⁻ into blood
14
Q
Distal Tubule
A
- Na⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻ is actively transported into the blood
- H⁺, K⁺ is actively transported into the filtraed
- absorbtion of HCO₃⁻ and secretion of H⁺ regulates pH
15
Q
Collecting Duct
A
- Na⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻ is actively transported into the blood
- H₂0 is passively transported in to the blood
16
Q
Aldosterone
A
- hormone
- increases the reabsorbtion of H₂0 and Na⁺
- helps maintain fluid levels
17
Q
ADH
A
- antidiuretic hormone
- regulates water reabsorbtion
- defect in ADH results in diabete insipidus, precense of large amounts of water in urine
18
Q
pH Balance in Kidneys
A
- CO₂ from the capillary net is trnasported to the nells of the nephron
- CO₂ combines with H₂0 to form H⁺ and HCO₃⁻
- H⁺ is secreted into the filtrate
- HCO₃⁻ is diffused into the blood
19
Q
Diabetes Mellitus
A
- high blood glucose levels in the blood
- will result in higher levels in urine as the kidneys try to remove excess glucose by excreting it with water
20
Q
Nephritus
A
- inflammation of the nephron
- damage to the glomerulus causes proteins to diffuse into the Bowman’s capsule
- protein cannot be reabsorbed and less water is reabsorbed into back into the blood
- large amounts of urine produced
21
Q
Kidney Stones
A
- caused by the precipitation of mineral solutes in the blood
- stones can obstruct the renal pelvis/ureter or be passed on through the ureter
22
Q
Polycystic Kidney
A
- fluid-filled cysts grow in the kidney
- can cause kidney damage if too many cysts grow or the cysts grow too large
