EXCRETION Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is excretion
It’s the process which waste products are eliminated from the body
Name 3 structures that elimnate waste products
Lungs, sweat glands and the kidney
What do lungs excrete
CO2 (carbon dioxide) through respiration
What do kidneys excrete
Urine
What do sweat glands excrete
sweat (perisperation)
What are the 4 structures of the urinary system
Kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra
explain the kidney
The kidney eliminates waste and maintain blood balance through the production of urine..
Now the ureters
It transport the urine produced in the kidneys to the bladder
Bladder
it holds the urine until it’s released through urination
now urethra
It transports urine from the baldder to the outside
What are some waste products in urine
Mineral salts, water, urea, uric acid (nitrogenous waste), excess vitamins, drugs (if consumed),
Define homeostasis
The body’s ability to maintain equilibrium by stabilizing certain elements
what elements does this process need to maintain in equilibrium
such as mineral salt concentration in the blood, blood pH, and the proportion of H2O in body
What factors influence the urine produced? Name 3
The quantity of liquid intake, diet, perspiration (sweat)
What substances are in a healthy individual’s urine?
Water, Urea and uric acid (nitrogenous waste), mineral salts (electrolytes), vitamins and urochrome
What is urochrome?
It’s a yellow pigment that comes from the destruction of hemoglobin
How does doing intense physical exercise cause a reduction in volume excreted? (if u dont intake liquid). how would the process explained inthe answer maintain homeostasis?
When you do intense physical excersise without drinking liquids, it causes a reduction in the proportion of water in the blood because you sweat. This leads to an increase of mineral salts (electroytes) in the blood. Which is detected by the receptors in the hypthalamus.
Now there’s 2 reactions.
1. this sends a signal to the pituatary gland, releasing, which releases the antidiuretic (adh) that travels in the bloodstream to the kidneys. the Kidneys therefore send more water in the bloodstream. Lastly, causing a reduction of urine.
How would this maintain homeostasis?
this allows the salt concentration in the blood to return to normal levels
- this creates a sensation of thirst which can stimulate liquid intake, allowing hte salt concentration in the bloodstream to return to normal levels
what is the hypothalamus?
A galnd that’s located at the base of the brain, it monitors blood composition and volume of internal fluids
Now how does drinking lots of water during excersise cause an increase of volume of urine excreted? Homeostasis?
Drinking lots of water creates an increase in blood volume, therefore a reduction in teh concentration of mineral salts (electrolytes) in the blood. This is detected by the receptors in the hypothalamus, which reacts by sending a signal that blocks the pituatary gland for releasing the hormone ADH. this absence lets the kidneys to allow more water through to the bladder which increase the volume of urine excreted.
This allows the concentration of the mineral salts in the bloodstream to return to normal levels
Place in correct order:
A. Urine is stored in the bladder until urination
B. Waste products from cellular activity are releaseded into bloodstream
C. Useful substances in the blood leave the kidneys through the renal veins
D. Urine is expelled from the body
E. The kidneys filter waste products and excess substances out of the blood and produce urine
F. Blood arrives int he kidneys through the renal arteries
B,FE, C, A, D
People suffering from kidney failure must go to the hospital frequently for dialysis. the patient’s blood is filtered by a machine trhough this process. What risks do patients expose themsevles to by skipping this?
If patient’s skip dialysis, their body’s can’t maintain homeostasis because their kidney’s aren’t removing the toxic waste and excess fluids from the blood. This can lead to dangerous imbalances like a buildup of toxins and lots of swelling because there’s too much fluid.
Why are urine analysis good tests to find out if an athlete has taken drugs or other substances that have been banned from use in comp.?
theyre good because leftover of drgs are often found in the urine of an athletes , since kidney’s remove toxic waste through production of urine..
What’s a nephron?
A nephron is the functional unit that carries out the job of filtering the blood. There are about a million of each of these structures in each kidney.
What volume of blood do the kidneys filter every day?
about 8 L
about 24 L
about 180 L
8L
