Excretion And Urinary System Flashcards
(30 cards)
Which diet will cause the liver to produce the most urea?
-High protein, Low carbohydrate
Where is urea formed?
In the liver
How is urine formed?
Urea is delivered to the kidneys form the liver, then it’s mixed with salt, water, hormones, and other components to form urine.
Which organ removes urea from blood?
Kidneys
Define the term excretion
Removal of toxic materials and excess substances (such as metabolic wastes) from organisms.
List the excess of requirements and define them
-Metabolic waste: waste form reactions in your body (carbon dioxide from respiration).
-Water and salts: from diets
-Spent hormones: Excess hormones produced that need to be removed.
List the Major Metabolic wastes and where they are produced
-CO2: is formed during cellular respiration
-Water: is formed during cellular respiration and dehydration synthesis
-Nitrogen compounds: -Ammonia NH3
-Urea [ CO (NH2)2]
-Uric acid C5H4N4O3
-Mineral salts: Sodium chloride and potassium sulphate built up during metabolism and reactions.
How are the major metabolic wastes excreted?
-CO2: excreted through lungs
-Water excreted as sweat through skin, or as urine through bladder.
-Nitrogen Compounds: excreted form kidneys and baldder
-Mineral salts: excreted as sweat through skin.
What are the four organs of the excretory system?
-Kidneys
-Bladder
-Lungs
-Skin
Describe deamination
Protein breaks into amino acid. Excess amino acid (CHON) goes to the liver. CHON breaks into ammonia acid and CHO. Ammonia acid is converted into urea. CHO is stored as glycogen. This process is called deamination.
What is Excess amino acid?
CHON also known as Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Where are nephrons located?
In the cortex
State the three parts in a kidney structure
-Cortex
-Medula
-Pelvis
List the organs involved in the urinary system
Kidney: filtration of blood and production of urine
Ureter: Carries urine from kidneys to bladder
Bladder: stores urine
Urethra: excretion of urine
Why are excess amino acids broken down?
Because they cannot he stored.
What is ultrafiltration?
-It’s a process which separates large molecules ( red,white blood cells, platelets) form small molecules (plasma).The high pressure generated by the blood vessel (afferent arteriole) being much wider than the blood vessel that takes blood out of glomerulus (efferent arteriole)
-It’s where lots of water, salt, urea, and glucose are squeezed form the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.
What is the function of Bowman’s capsule?
Collect plasma/urea
What is glomerulus function ?
Allows ultrafiltration and allow RBCs to pass
What is the function of renal tubule?
-Collects filtered products
-Allows selective permeability , urine formation, omseregulation
What is cortex?
Cortex is the outermost edge of the kidneys, this is where you’ll find most of the nephrons.
What is the Medula
It’s the middle part of the kidney, and that’s where the loop of Henle hangs out
What is the pelvis?
It’s the white structure that comes out of the kidney, and that’s where the collecting ducts run down into.
What is Ureter?
It’s a tube which transports urine that’s made by the kidney to the bladder where it’s stored then it passes along the urethra thread to leave the body.
Why aren’t proteins allowed to enter the nephrons?
Because they are too big to pass through the basement membrane
