Exercise 1: Physiological Apparatus Flashcards
1
Q
A battery may be either a ___ or ___.
A
wet cell,
dry cell
2
Q
It is the usual source of the current.
A
battery
3
Q
A current may either be ___ or ___.
A
direct or galvanic or constant current,
induced or faradic or pulsating current
4
Q
How many poles does a dry or wet cell have?
A
two
5
Q
The poles are composed of ___ and ___.
A
one positive pole,
one negative pole
6
Q
___ are attached to each pole to allow the flow of current.
A
connecting wires
7
Q
It is a device with two binding posts and a contact metal.
A
simple key
8
Q
When the contact metal is pressed, a ___ current is created.
A
make current
9
Q
When the contact metal is released, a ___ current is produced.
A
break current
10
Q
It allows flow of electricity from a source of electricity, usually battery.
A
simple key
11
Q
Another term for shock.
A
current
12
Q
Differentiate the old and new simple key.
A
old simple key: traditional,
new simple key: contact metal is positioned differently, presence of on and off switch
13
Q
It consists of a cylindrical drum on a shaft which, in turn, is driven by a variable speed motor.
A
kymograph
14
Q
The drum is covered with paper suitable for ___ writing, ___ writing, or ___ writing.
A
smoke writing,
ink writing,
electric writing
15
Q
A kymograph has two types, the ___ and ___ kymograph.
A
spring-driven,
electric
16
Q
The drum is rotated in a ___ direction.
A
clockwise
17
Q
In an electric kymograph, the speed is controlled by a ___.
A
variable five-speed control gear shift
18
Q
In a spring-driven kymograph, the speed is controlled by a ___.
A
fan of different sizes
19
Q
The fans alter the speed of the drum by a principle of ___.
A
air resistance
20
Q
The smaller the fan, the ___ is the speed of the drum.
A
faster
21
Q
The bigger the fan, the ___ is the speed of the drum.
A
bigger
22
Q
A ___ speed of the drum is frequently preferred particularly if a long recording time is anticipated.
A
slower speed
23
Q
The most desirable of the two kymograph is the ___.
A
electric kymograph
24
Q
It holds the cylindrical drum in place.
A
spring clamp
25
It is the paper attached in the kymograph drums with an imprinted record of data.
kymogram
26
The kymogram is preserved with a fixative solution of ___.
shellac
27
It records physiological functions in the body, such as muscle contraction and body temperature.
kymograph
28
True or False:
| A properly smoked drum should have a thin but even coat of soot on the paper.
true
29
It is the sources of smoke for the smoking of the kymograph.
gum camphor,
| kerosene
30
___ or ___ inches of the shellac solution should be placed in a tray wider than the kymograph paper.
one to two
31
It enables the user to apply a threshold stimulus to living tissues.
inductorium
32
It is designed so that both the intensity and frequency of the stimulus may be varied.
inductorium
33
The inductorium consists of a primary circuit through which a ___ current passes.
galvanic
34
The current that passes through the primary circuit is supplied by a ___ volt dry cell.
1 1/2
35
The secondary circuit is in ___ to the primary circuit.
close vicinity
36
When a certain current passes through the primary circuit, ___ current is induced in the secondary circuit.
faradic
37
True or False:
The induced current in the secondary circuit lasts for a fraction of a minute and its intensity varies depending on how close this secondary circuit is to the primary circuit.
false,
| .... in the secondary circuit lasts for a fraction of a second...
38
When the galvanic current is constantly passing through the primary circuit, the induced current is known as ___.
make stimulus
39
When the user releases the key which in turn ceases the galvanic current to flow through the primary circuit, another induced faradic current is set up in the second circuit. This current is known as the ___.
break stimulus
40
The electrodes used to stimulate the living tissues are attached to the ___.
secondary circuit
41
Which voltage is greater, the one induced in the break current or the one produced in the make current?
the former
42
The two types of the inductorium are namely the ___ and ___ inductorium.
long,
| short
43
The voltage output of the secondary circuit can be varied by setting the ___ found on top of the instrument.
dial
44
A ___ is used when a single stimulus is required.
single shock stimulus
45
A single shock stimulus is produced by connecting the wires to poles _ and _ on the square type of inductorium.
A and B
46
A single shock stimulus is produced by connecting the wires to poles _ and _ on the long inductorium.
A and C
47
It is a series of stimuli in rapid succession.
tetanic stimulus
48
To apply a series of stimuli in rapid succession, the battery should be connected to terminals _ and _ on the square inductorium.
A and C
49
To apply a series of stimuli in rapid succession, the battery should be connected to terminals _ and _ on the new inductorium.
A and B
50
It is used when multiple stimuli are required.
vibrating circuit
51
True or False:
| When the primary circuit is completed, the signal magnet is also completed.
true
52
It is used whenever one wants to short-circuit the current.
shunt
53
It applies threshold stimulus to living tissues.
inductorium
54
It can change intensity of frequency of stimulus.
inductorium
55
It produces make stimulus.
make current
56
It produces break stimulus.
break current
57
It is used to change the intensity in the inductorium.
inductor-selector bulb
58
The primary circuit is attached to the ___ binding posts of the inductorium.
two primary binding posts
59
The secondary circuit is attached to the ___ binding posts of the inductorium.
three secondary binding posts
60
The primary circuit is comprised of:
battery,
inductorium,
simple key
61
The secondary circuit is comprised of:
signal magnet,
muscle clamp,
muscle lever
62
It can be used in noting an event such as the time and type of stimulus.
signal magnet
63
It can be used in noting time in seconds.
signal magnet
64
It used as an event marker.
signal magnet
65
The signal magnet is attached to an ___ in series at the time when the current passes through the stimulating electrodes.
insulated bell
66
If a single shock is produced by the inductorium, the signal magnet marker moves ___ for an instant.
down
67
If a series of multiple stimuli is applied, the signal magnet marker moves ___ until the stimuli have ceased.
up and down and remains in a down position
68
It may be used to denote a particular time interval.
signal magnet
69
It is triggered at set intervals by a clock-driven device that send a short ___ volt pulse to the magnet, causing the arm to move instantaneously.
1 1/2
70
Differentiate the old and new signal magnet.
old signal magnet: binding posts on upper, writing arm
| new signal magnet: binding posts on terminal end of right arm, writing pen
71
The electromagnet in the signal magnet is covered by ___.
electric shunt
72
It consists of a writing pen moving on a fulcrum.
muscle lever
73
After being pulled up by a muscle contraction, the return of the lever of a muscle lever to its original position is facilitated by a ___.
spring
74
The muscle lever has ___ screws.
two
75
One screw of the muscle lever is for ___.
attaching the connecting wire to form part of the secondary circuit
76
The other screw is called ___.
after-loading screw
77
The other screw is used to ___.
adjust the level of writing pen
78
The function of the muscle lever is to ___.
record contraction of a muscle.
79
It is principally used to hold the muscle in place.
muscle clamp
80
The muscle clamp is adjusted by a means of ___.
screw
81
The muscle clamp has one binding posts to which a ___ is attached to complete the circuit.
wire
82
Why do we need to study these instruments?
because they are the back or founding principles of all apparatus
83
It is used to apply a threshold of stimulus.
electric stimulator
84
It is a summarized version of the primary circuit.
electric stimulator
85
It is consisted of a writing pen made of hard parchment that is cut to a fine point.
tuning fork
86
Other name for tuning fork
vibrating fork
87
The hands of a tuning fork is called ___.
prongs
88
The tuning fork creates ___ vibration per second.
100
89
1 vibration exists for __ seconds.
0.01
90
It is an apparatus capable of measuring change in the size of an object.
pneumograph
91
As the pressure of the closed pneumograph decreases, the pneumograph is ___.
stretched
92
This consists of a pleated rubber sheet.
pneumograph
93
If the subject is a female, placed the pneumograph above the ___.
breasts
94
If the subject is a male, placed the pneumograph in a position on the ___ below the ___.
median line,
| armpit
95
The rubber tubing is ___ to ___ ft. in length.
3 to 4
96
It is mounted on a stand and the inlet is outfitted about 6 inches of rubbery tubing.
tambour
97
The bowl of a rubber tambour is covered with a ___.
piece of rubber sheet
98
Explain the phenomena when the pneumograph collapses.
When the pneumograph collapses (during expiration), the pressure in the closed system increases, causing the rubber sheet to bulge which, in turn, raises the tambour writing arm.
99
Explain the phenomena when the pneumograph stretches.
When the pneumograph stretches (during inspiration), the pressure in the closed system decreases, causing the rubber sheet to invaginate or hit the bottom of the bowl which, in turn, lowers the tambour writing arm.
100
The peak of the inspiration will appear as a ___ on the kymogram.
plateau
101
If the peak of the inspiration appears as a plateau, ___ the system to trap more air.
open
102
The opening of system to trap more air is done by ___.
having the student partially inhale and hold breath.
103
To magnify the respiration movements, the ___ should be moved closer to the bowl.
fulcrum
104
The moving of fulcrum is done by loosening ___.
screw A
105
The pneumograph ___ if object's size enlarges.
streches
106
The pneumograph __ if object's size minimizes.
shortens
107
It is a device used to assess lung function.
spirometer
108
The apparatus consists of a drum ___.
inverted in a tank of water
109
The drum in the spirometer is suspended from ___.
pulleys
110
The drum is counterbalanced by a ___ in the spirometer.
weight
111
As the person breathes in and out the spirometer, the drum moves ___.
up and down
112
As the person breathes in and out the spirometer, the counterweight balancing the drum also ___.
rides up and down
113
The spirometer is calibrated in ___.
milliliters
114
The record produced from breathing in and out of a spirometer is called a ___.
spirogram
115
It is the evaluation of lung function with a spirometer.
spirometry
116
It is one of the simplest, most common pulmonary function tests.
spirometry
117
The spirometry is necessary for the following reasons:
to determine how well the lungs receive, hold, and utilize air,
to monitor lung diseases,
to monitor effectiveness of treatment,
to determine the severity of lung disease,
to determine whether lung disease is restrictive (decreased airflow) or obstructive (disruption of airflow)
118
It measures and records both the amount of air expelled and how quickly the air is expelled from the lungs.
spirometer
119
It is a rigid wooden cylinder with a funnel.
old stethoscope
120
It is a modern instrument with two chest pieces, a shallow bell, and a stiff diaphragm.
new stethoscope
121
The tubing that connects the earpiece and the diaphragm and shallow bell is ___ to ___ in length.
25 to 30
122
It is the part of a stethoscope that is used to listen to high-frequency sounds or murmurs.
diaphragm
123
It is the part of a stethoscope that is used to listen to low-frequency sounds.
shallow bell
124
For routine examination of the heart, what part of the stethoscope is used?
Both the diaphragm and shallow bell
125
It is used to examine the chest and abdomen.
diaphragm
126
Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:
| splitting sounds
high-frequency sound
127
Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:
| opening snaps
high-frequency sound
128
Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:
| aortic diastolic murmurs
high-frequency sound
129
Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:
| diastolic murmur of mitral stenosis
low-frequency sound
130
Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:
| third and fourth heart sounds
low-frequency sound
131
It is an instrument that measures arterial blood pressure.
sphygomanometer
132
Three types of sphygmomanometer:
mercurial,
aneroid,
digital
133
It is a type of sphygmomanometer which can cause nephrotoxy.
mercurial sphygmomanometer
134
It is a type of sphygmomanometer that consists of a calibrated tube filled with mercury.
mercurial sphygmomanometer
135
It is a type of sphygmomanometer that has a dial operating through a spring-like weighing scale.
aneroid sphygmomanometer
136
It is a type of sphygmomanometer that is the least accurate.
digital sphygmomanometer
137
True or False:
A rubber cuff is placed around the upper arm, or sometimes the thigh, and inflated with air to a pressure lesser than that of the pressure exerted by the blood in the arteries.
false,
| .... pressure greater than that...
138
It is the pressure at which the sounds disappear.
diastolic pressure
139
It is the pressure in the cuff that equals the upper blood pressure.
systolic pressure
140
The measurement of blood pressure is measured in ___.
millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
141
Other term for rubber mallet
reflex hammer
142
It is used to study reflexes.
rubber mallet
143
It is an example of a reflex.
patellar reflex or knee jerk
144
It is the part of a rubber mallet used for short tendons.
pointed end
145
It is the part of a rubber mallet used for long tendons.
blunt end
146
It is the part of a rubber mallet used for neurons.
neurostimulator
