Exercise 14 Cranial Bones Flashcards
How many bones in the Axial Skeleton??
80 and consists of:
1: skull bones
2: auditory ossicles
3: hyoid bone
4: ribs
5: sternum
6: vertebral column.
7: sacrum
8: coccyx
Define Axial Skeleton??
Portion of the human skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk.
How many bones in the vertebral column??
- 24 vertebrae
- 1 sacrum
- 1 coccyx
How many bones in the human skull??
22
How are the bones of the skull organized??
- 8 plate-shaped cranial bones
- 14 facial bones.
List the Associated Bones of the skull?
- 6 auditory ossicles (middle ear)
- hyoid bone
Define Foramina??
Natural openings or perforation through bone, where nerves and blood vessels pass.
Define Orbits??
Eye sockets made by facial and cranial bones.
List the 8 bones of the Neurocranium??
- frontal bone
- occipital bone (distal/posterior)
- 2 parietal bones (posterior)
- 2 temporal bones
- sphenoid bone
- ethmoid bone
Describe the Frontal Bone??
Anterior roof, wall, floor of cranium, and contains the Frontal Squama.
Forms upper portion of orbits.
Describe Frontal Squama??
The forehead with the remain of the Metopic Suture.
Describe the Occipital Bone??
Saucer-shaped bone forming Posterior floor and wall of cranium.
- Foramen Magnum
- Occipital Condyles
- Hypoglossal Canal
- external occipital protuberance
Describe the Foramen Magnum??
Large opening at base of the occipital bone where spinal cord enters.
Describe the occipital Condyles??
Two flattened bones of the occipital bone that articulate with the Atlas.
Describe Hypoglossal Canal??
A bony canal of the occipital bone that transmits the Hypoglossal nerve used for tongue movement. Located at anterior Foramen magnum.
Describe External Occipital Protuberance?
Small bump posterior of Foramen Magnum where muscles and ligaments attach.
Describe Parietal Bones??
2 bones that form the posterior crest of the skull and are joined by the Sagittal Suture. Smooth with no major Foramina.
Describe the Temporal Bone??
2 bones located at the sides and base of the cranium and housing the inner ear.
Articulates with the Zygomatic Bone.
- zygomatic arch
- zygomatic process
- mandibullar fossa
- external acoustic meatus
- mastoid process
- styloid process
- internal acoustic meatus
- jugular foramen
- carotid canal
Describe the Zygomatic Arch??
The arch formed by the temporal process that bridges the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
Describe the Zygomatic Process??
Slender process projecting from squamous portion of temporal bone. Articulates with Zygomatic Bone.
Describe Mandibullar Fossa??
A concavity in the temporal bone where the mandible articulates.
Describe External Acoustic Meatus??
The canal of the ear made of bone and cartilage. Located inferior of Squamous Part of Temporal Bone.
Describe Mastoid Process??
A protrusion of the Temporal Bone posterior to the external acoustic meatus. Serves as point of attachment for muscles.
Describe Styloid Process??
A pointy piece of bone akin to a stylus just below the ear on the Temporal Bone. Used for muscle attachment.
