Exercise 19: The Circulatory System Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
It refers to the type of circulation where blood is transported via vessels.
A
closed circulation
2
Q
Complete the sentence below:
In open circulation, blood is referred to as ____________.
A
hemolymph
3
Q
It refers to the type of circulation where blood freely moves within the body cavity.
A
open circulation
4
Q
Are invertebrates which possess an open circulation.
A
- arthropods
- mollusks
5
Q
Are organisms with closed circulation.
A
- vertebrates
- annelids
- cephalopods
6
Q
TRUE or FALSE:
Flatworms and sponges do not possess a circulatory system.
A
True
7
Q
Complete the sentence below:
In flatworms and sponges, blood is transported between cells and tissues via body movements.
A
True
8
Q
Complete the sentence below:
In an open circulatory system of a cockroach, a medially located membranous tube runs along the thorax which is called the _______________.
A
dorsal aorta
9
Q
Complete the sentence below:
In an open circulatory system of a cockroach, the dorsal aorta continues into the abdomen as the ____________.
A
heart
10
Q
It allows the inflow of hemolymph into the heart while its valves prevent backflow.
A
ostia
11
Q
In an open circulatory system of a cockroach, it refers to the cavity where the heart is located.
A
pericardial sinus
12
Q
In an open circulatory system of a cockroach, it refers to a membranous sheet which separates the pericardial sinus from the rest of the body.
A
dorsal diaphragm
13
Q
Are the components of the circulatory system of vertebrates.
A
- blood
- heart
- arteries
- arterioles
- veins
- venules
- capillaries
14
Q
It serves as the pump of the circulatory system, sending blood to the different body parts.
A
heart
15
Q
Are blood vessels which return blood to the heart.
A
veins
16
Q
Are blood vessels which transport blood away from the heart.
A
arteries
17
Q
It is where gas exchange occur.
A
capillaries
18
Q
Are found in between arterioles and in between venules.
A
capillaries
19
Q
TRUE or FALSE:
Arteries possess thicker, muscular walls.
A
True
20
Q
In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
It is where the heart is located.
A
pericardial cavity
21
Q
In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
It is a membranous layer covering the heart.
A
visceral pericardium
22
Q
In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
It refers to the lining of the pericardial cavity.
A
parietal pericardium (parietal sac)
23
Q
TRUE or FALSE:
The visceral pericardium is continuous with the parietal pericardium.
A
True
24
Q
In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
Identify the components of the heart.
A
- sinus venosus
- conus arteriosus
- left and right atria
- ventricle
25
In the **circulatory system of tetrapods:**
It is the most prominent part of the heart.
ventricle
26
In the **circulatory system of tetrapods:**
It receives all deoxygenated blood from the body, then deposits it into the right atrium.
sinus venosus
27
In the **circulatory system of tetrapods:**
It separates the atria into the left and right hemisphere.
interatrial septum
28
In the **circulatory system of tetrapods:**
It refers to the opening on the dorsal wall of the right atrium.
sinoatrial aperture
29
In the **circulatory system of tetrapods:**
It serves as the entrance of blood from the sinus venosus into the right atrium.
sinoatrial aperture
30
In the **circulatory system of tetrapods:**
It is where blood passes through from the atria to the ventricle.
left and right atrioventricular apertures
31
TRUE or FALSE:
The opening to the conus arteriosus is located at the anterior margin of the ventricle.
True
32
In the **circulatory system of tetrapods:**
Are valves guarding the opening of the conus arteriosus.
* spiral valve
* semilunar valve
33
Complete the sentence below:
The anterior end of the mammalian heart is known as the ____________ and the posterior end is called the ____________.
base, apex
34
In the **mammalian circulatory system:**
Are small blood vessels covering the heart.
coronary veins and arteries
35
In the **mammalian circulatory system:**
Are blood vessels which drains the cardiac muscles.
coronary veins
36
**Circulatory System of Mammals:**
Are blood vessels which supply the cardiac muscles.
coronary arteries
37
Complete the sentence below:
In mammals, the left ventricle is __________ muscular than the right ventricle.
more
38
In the **mammalian circulatory system:**
Are ridges on the walls of the ventricles.
trabeculae carnae
39
In the **mammalian circulatory system:**
It separates the ventricles into its left and right chambers.
interventricular septum
40
In the **mammalian circulatory system:**
It refers to the opening between the ventricle and atrium.
atrioventricular aperture
41
In the **mammalian circulatory system:**
It borders the left atrioventricular aperture.
bicuspid (mitral) valve
42
In the **mammalian circulatory system:**
It borders the right atrioventricular aperture.
tricuspid valve
43
In the **mammalian circulatory system:**
Are projections on the walls of the ventricles where valves are connected.
papillary muscles
44
In the **mammalian circulatory system:**
Are tough thread-like structures connecting the valves into the papillary muscles.
chordae tendinae
45
In the **mammalian circulatory system:**
Which structures aid in the opening and closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves?
* papillary muscles
* chordae tendinae
46
Complete the sentence below:
From the _______________, the opening to the pulmonary artery can be found.
right atrium
47
Complete the sentence below:
In the mammalian circulatory system, the ____________ valve is found along the opening of the pulmonary artery.
semilunar
48
Complete the sentence below:
Blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the _______________.
pulmonary vein
49
Complete the sentence below:
The left ventricle sends blood to the body through the ____________.
aorta
50
Complete the sentence below:
The sinus venosus in mammals has been reduced to the _______________.
sino-atrial node
51
In the **mammalian circulatory system:**
It is found at the area where the pre- and post-caval veins exit the left atrium.
sino-atrial node
52
Identify the 3 principal components of the venous system.
* systemic veins
* portal veins
* pulmonary veins
53
Which veins carry deoxygenated blood into the sinus venosus?
systemic veins
54
Which veins carry deoxygenated blood into filtering organs?
portal veins
55
Which veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium?
pulmonary vein
56
Are known as branches of the veins.
tributaries
57
Are veins entering the sinus venosus antero-laterally.
left and right pre-caval veins (anterior vena cavae)
58
Are the 3 tributaries of the pre-caval veins.
* external jugular veins (anterior)
* innominate veins (middle)
* subclavian veins (posterior)
59
Are the 2 divisions of the external jugular vein.
* lingual vein
* maxillary vein
60
Which vein drains the tongue?
lingual vein
61
Which vein drains the lower jaw?
maxillary vein
62
Are the 2 divisions of the innominate vein.
* internal jugular vein
* subscapular vein
63
Which vein drains the brain?
internal jugular vein
64
Which vein drains the shoulders?
subscapular vein
65
Are the 2 divisions of the subclavian vein.
* brachial vein
* musculocutaneous vein
66
Which vein drains the arms?
brachial vein
67
Which vein exits the pleuro-peritoneal cavity?
musculocutaneous vein
68
Which vein drains the skin and chest muscles?
musculocutaneous vein
69
Which vein enters the sinus venosus posteriorly?
post-caval vein (posterior vena cava)
70
Which veins drain the liver?
hepatic veins
71
Which veins drain the kidney?
renal veins
72
Identify the 2 portal systems in the toad.
* hepatic portal system
* renal portal system
73
Are veins coming from the lobes of the liver, embedded on the mesentery of the intestine.
hepatic portal vein
74
Which vein drains the stomach?
gastric vein
75
Which vein drains the pancreas?
pancreatic vein
76
Which vein drains the spleen?
splenic vein
77
Which vein drains the small intestine?
intestinal vein
78
Which vein drains the muscles of the abdomen?
ventral abdominal vein
79
Which vein drains the femoral vein and the sciatic vein?
renal portal vein
80
Complete the sentence below:
The continuation of the femoral vein can be seen between the ____________ and the ____________.
triceps femoris, iliofibularis
81
Which vein drains the thigh?
femoral vein
82
Complete the sentence below:
The continuation of the sciatic vein can be seen between the ____________ and the ____________.
iliofibularis, semimembranosus
83
Which vein drains the shank and pes?
sciatic vein
84
TRUE or FALSE:
Arteries are usually found dorsal to the venous system.
True
85
Complete the sentence below:
All arteries carry oxygenated blood except the _______________.
pulmocutaneous artery
86
Identify the 3 branches of the truncus arteriosus.
* common carotid artery
* systemic arch
* pulmocutaneous artery
87
Are the 2 divisions of the common carotid artery.
* external carotid artery
* internal carotid artery
88
Complete the sentence below:
The internal carotid artery is identifiable by the presence of the _______________.
carotid body
89
The systemic arch passes dorsally and laterally, sending smaller arteries to which structures?
* larynx
* (dorsal side of the) esophagus
* orbit
* nose
* vertebral column
90
Which artery supplies blood to the jaw muscles?
systemic arch
91
Complete the sentence below:
The _______________ will branch off laterally from the systemic artery and will continue as the _______________ in the forelimb.
subclavian artery, brachial artery
92
Identify the 2 branches of the pulmocutaneous artery.
* pulmonary artery
* cutaneous artery
93
Which artery branches laterally off the pulmocutaneous artery?
cutaneous artery
94
Complete the sentence below:
The systemic arteries unite medially to form the _____________.
dorsal aorta
95
Are the 2 branches of the coeliacomesenteric artery.
* coeliac artery
* anterior mesenteric artery
96
Are the 3 branches of the coeliac artery.
* gastric artery
* hepatic artery
* pancreatic artery
97
Are the 2 branches of the anterior mesenteric artery.
* intestinal artery
* splenic artery
98
Which artery supplies the large intestine?
posterior mesenteric artery
99
Are the 2 branches of the common iliac artery.
* femoral artery
* sciatic artery
100
Which artery supplies the skin and muscles of the anterior thigh?
femoral artery
101
Which artery supplies the shank and pes?
sciatic artery
102
Identify the pathway of blood from the sciatic vein to the artery.
sciatic vein -> renal portal vein -> renal veins -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> common iliac artery -> sciatic artery
103
Identify the pathway of blood from the femoral vein to the artery.
femoral vein -> renal portal vein -> renal veins -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> common iliac artery -> femoral artery
104
Identify the pathway of blood from the gastric vein to the artery.
gastric vein -> hepatic portal vein -> hepatic vein -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> coeliacomesenteric artery -> coeliac artery -> gastric artery
105
Identify the pathway of blood from the pancreatic vein to the artery.
pancreatic vein -> hepatic portal vein -> hepatic vein -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> coeliacomesenteric artery -> coeliac artery -> pancreatic artery
106
Identify the pathway of blood from the splenic vein to the artery.
splenic vein -> hepatic portal vein -> hepatic veins -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> coeliacomesenteric artery -> anterior mesenteric artery -> splenic artery
107
Identify the pathway of blood from the renal veins to the arteries.
renal veins -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> renal arteries
108
Identify the pathway of blood from the intestinal vein to the artery.
intestinal vein -> hepatic portal vein -> hepatic vein -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> coeliacomesenteric artery -> anterior mesenteric artery -> intestinal artery
109
Identify the pathway of blood from the hepatic vein to the artery.
hepatic vein -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> coeliacomesenteric artery -> coeliac artery -> hepatic artery
110
Identify the branches of the common iliac artery.
* sciatic artery
* femoral artery
