Exercise 4: Routine Stool Examination

Question 1

It depends on the collection of the appropriate specimen, and their recovery and examination by suitable techniques

Answer 1

Detection

Question 2

It requires adequate skills and expertise in recognizing the parasite in its various stages and its differentiation from morphologically similar artifacts

Answer 2

Identification

Question 3

Rely on information that is submitted with the specimen as to the color and consistency of the specimen

Answer 3

Preserved samples in fixative

Question 4

Check color and consistency; the first indication of GIT disturbances can be seen in changes in the brown color and consistency of the normal stool

Answer 4

Unpreserved/Fresh Stool

Question 5

It is important to check this on the stool since it may indicate the condition of the patient

Answer 5

Color of the Stool

Question 6

It indicated lower GIT bleeding, beets, tomatoes, and food coloring

Answer 6

Bright Red

Question 7

it is the color of the stool due to stercobilin which is formed
from intestinal oxidation of stercobilinogen.

Answer 7

light-dark brown

Question 8

The checking of color and consistency is skipped if the stool specimen is already in fixative. (T or F)

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

It is the color of the stool if there is upper GIT bleeding, iron therapy, antidiarrheal compounds (charcoal, bismuth)

Answer 9

Black/Tarry

Question 10

Protozoan trophozoites are
generally observed in soft or liquid specimens. Must be observed (within 30 minutes of collection) of watery stool. (T or F)

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

Helminth eggs and larvae may be found in any type of stool specimen, although the chances of finding them in liquid stool are reduced by the dilution factor. (T or F)

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 11

Cysts are often found in formed or semi-formed specimens. (T or F)

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 11

Samples containing adult worms may be carefully washed through a ___________ allowing for the retrieval and examination of the parasites for identification purposes.

Answer 11

Wire Screen

Question 12

____________ is the frequently performed chemical test on stool
specimens. It was originally used primarily to test suspected cases of gastrointestinal diseases, which may or may not be related to parasitic infection.

Answer 12

Fecal Occult Blood Testing (FOBT)

Question 13

a very small amount of blood that is not visible to the
naked eye and is detected by chemical means only.

Answer 13

Occult Blood

Question 14

Occult blood testing is based on the pseudo-peroxidase activity
of hemoglobin decomposing hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen (T or F)

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

________ is preferred for FOBT because it would detect clinically significant amounts of blood but would not react to the minimal amounts of blood present in some normal stool.

Answer 15

Guaiac

Question 16

Arrange in Order:

1. Allow the specimen to air-dry, then close the cover
2. Wait for 30 seconds and read the results within 2 mins
3. Using the Applicator stick, pick a small amount of fecal sample then apply a very thin in smear box 1
4. Open the perforated window on the back of the slide
5. Re-use the applicator stick to obtain a second sample from a different part of the fecal specimen.
6. Apply 2 drops of Hema-screen developer to the back sides of boxes 1 and 2

Answer 16

3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2

Question 17

Trivia: Hema-Screen

Positive - Any trace of blue on or at the edge of the smear (mas blue mas malala)

Negative - No detectable blue on or at the edge of the smear

Answer 17

HUHUBELS PAPASA TAYU LEZGO

Question 18

Avoid red meats, rare meats – a source of myoglobin and hemoglobin, horseradish, melons, cantaloupe, raw broccoli, cauliflower, and turnips 7 days prior to the examination to avoid false-positive results (T or F)

Answer 18

FALSE (3 Days)

Question 19

Aspirin and other NSAIDs, and heavy alcohol consumption should not be taken for 3 days prior to specimen collection to prevent possible
gastrointestinal irritation that may cause false positives (T or F)

Answer 19

FALSE (7 Days)

Question 20

Vitamin C (in excess of 250 mg/day) and other iron supplements containing Vitamin C should be avoided for 2 days prior to specimen collection because ascorbic acid is a strong reducing agent that will interfere with the peroxidase reaction (false-negative)

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 20

menstrual and hemorrhoid contamination causes false positive or false negative results?

Answer 20

False-positives

Question 21

It is the microscopic examination of a stool specimen is performed to detect ova and parasites

Answer 21

Ova and Parasite (O & P) Examination

Question 22

. Routine stool O & P examination consists of the following distinct techniques namely:

Answer 22

Routine stool O & P examination consists of the following distinct techniques

Question 23

Normal saline solution Sodium chloride (NaCl) ....................................................... 0.85 gms Distilled water..................................................................... 100

Answer 23

SKL Bakit ba

Question 24

* Lugol's iodine (stock, 5% solution) Iodine crystals................................................................... 5 gms Potassium iodide............................................................... 10 gms Distilled water.................................................................... 100 m

Answer 24

SKL ulit pagod na ako eh HAAHAHAH

Question 25

Lugol's iodine (1% solution for wet mounts) 1. Dilute a portion of the stock Lugol’s iodine solution 1:5 with distilled water for routine use (working solution). 2. Place this working solution into a brown dropper bottle. The working solution should resemble strong tea and should be discarded when it lightens in color (usually within 10 to 14 days)

Answer 25

Additional infos nalang to

Question 26

D Antoni's iodine solution - an alternative for Lugol's iodine solution Potassium iodide (KI) ................................................... 1.0 gms Iodine crystals ............................................................... 1.5 gms Distilled water .............................................................. 100 ml

Answer 26

ito ren add info nalang hayszt

Question 27

Batsa kapang gagawa ng solution, palang Grind, Store, Label

Answer 27

Gets? oo dapat lang

Question 28

_________ is the simplest and most commonly utilized method of examination and employed to demonstrate all morphologic forms of the parasite in stool: protozoan trophozoites and cysts, helminthic eggs and larvae

Answer 28

DFS

Question 29

Saline mounts are particularly useful for detecting motile trophozoites (T or F)

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

Iodine, because it is a contrast dye, enhances the detail of protozoan cysts; however, it kills and distorts any trophozoites present and renders parasites nonmotile (T or F)

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

It is a method where you place about 50 mg stool (the size of two monggo beans) is placed on a slide and covered with a wettable cellophane strip soaked in a glycerol-malachite green solution

Answer 31

KTS

Question 32

KTS is simple and economical and is therefore useful in a mass survey of stool for intestinal helminth eggs, including Schistosoma species. It is very good in detecting eggs with thick shells (e.g., Ascaris and Trichuris) but not eggs with thin shells (e.g., hookworm). Usefulness is limited if stools are diarrheic or watery. This method is not useful for the diagnosis of protozoa or helminth larvae (T or F)

Answer 32

TRUE