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Biology 1114 > Exercise 6 - Pig Circulatory System > Flashcards

Exercise 6 - Pig Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

vein direction

A

toward the heart

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2
Q

artery direction

A

away from the heart

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3
Q

two basic artery designations

A

systemic (blood flow to body), pulmonary (blood flow to lungs)

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4
Q

arterial walls

A

have inherent thickness; composed of smooth muscles and elastic fibers

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5
Q

which are usually larger, veins or arteries?

A

veins

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6
Q

veins or arteries: which rely on a system of one-way valves to maintain the movement of blood ____ the heart, under lower pressure than found in the other?

A

veins (toward the heart)

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7
Q

artery path

A

artery –> arteriole –> capillary –> cells of organs

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8
Q

vein path

A

organs –> venules –> veins

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9
Q

four distinct heart chambers

A

two thin-walled atria, two thick, muscular ventricles

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10
Q

atria

A

attached contiguously to the anterior ends of the respective ventricles; receive blood from the veins and pump to ventricles

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11
Q

ventricles

A

pump blood to lungs (right) and body (left)

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12
Q

path of blood flow through heart

A

anterior/posterior vena cava –> right atrium –> right atrioventricular valve/tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> semilunar valve –> pulmonary artery –> lung –> pulmonary vein –> left atrium –> left atrioventricular valve/bicuspid valve –> left ventricle –> aortic arch –> brachiocephalic artery, common carotid, subclavian arteries (all anterior), dorsal aorta (dorsal)

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13
Q

largest chamber with thickest wall

A

left ventricle

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14
Q

function of atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves

A

prevent blood from flowing backward along the pathway, contribute to producing the pressure gradients necessary to move the blood

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15
Q

leak in valves leads to…

A

…heart murmur

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16
Q

foramen ovale

A

opening between atria which allows the blood of the fetus to bypass the not yet functioning lungs

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17
Q

blue baby syndrome caused by, also known as

A

non-closure of the foramen ovale, cyanotic heart disease

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18
Q

location of common carotid arteries

A

on either side of the trachea

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19
Q

common carotid arteries divide into these as they flow anteriorly

A

internal and external carotid arteries

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20
Q

internal carotid arteries supply…

A

… the brain with blood

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21
Q

external carotid arteries carry blood to…

A

… the face, tongue, etc.

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22
Q

veins carrying deoxygenated blood back from the head

A

internal and external jugular veins

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23
Q

external jugular vein is divided into what anteriorly

A

external and internal maxillary veins

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24
Q

external and internal maxillary veins do what

A

drain blood from the face, tongue, and jaw

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25
two major veins that return blood to the right atrium from the head and forelimbs and remaining trunk and hind limbs
head and forelimbs: anterior (cranial) (humans: superior) vena cava remaining trunk and hind limbs: posterior (caudal) (humans: inferior) vena cava
26
the pulmonary trunk rises from the ___ and carries _____ blood toward the ___ via the ______
right ventricle; deoxygenated; lungs; right and left pulmonary arteries
27
arteries and veins that feed the actual muscle and tissue of the heart
coronary arteries and veins
28
the source of fetal oxygen and nutrition
placenta
29
ductus arteriosus
short connecting vessel that shunts the blood to the dorsal aorta
30
umbilical arteries
branch from the dorsal/descending aorta and carry some of the blood through the umbilicus and out to the placenta
31
exits the heart anteriorly
dorsal aorta
32
large single artery separating anteriorly from the dorsal aorta to form the two common carotid arteries
brachiocephalic trunk
33
the ___ subclavian artery branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk and the ___ subclavian branches directly from the aortic arch
right; left
34
the _____ arteries are not symmetrical
subclavian
35
where do the subclavian arteries send blood?
the forelimbs
36
location of axillary vein
armpit area
37
location of lateral thoracic vein
parallels the external surface of the rib cage
38
brachial veins branch into
radial and ulnar veins
39
subclavian vein becomes...
axillary vein, lateral thoraciv vein, subscapular vein, brachial vein, which branches into radial and ulnar veins
40
the two exceptions to arteries carrying blood to a single network of smaller vessels called capillaries before the blood is collected into the veins and carried back to the heart
liver and kidney
41
how blood travels to liver and kidney
blood leaves one capillary bed and is transported by a portal vein to another capillary bed, eventually reconvening in the vena cava and returning to the heart
42
hepatic portal system
the group of arteries and veins associated with the liver drains the large and small intestines, spleen, pancreas, stomach of nutrient-enriched blood --> then carried to liver via hepatic portal vein
43
what happens in the liver?
large amounts of sugars and toxins are filtered from the blood before being transferred to the vena cava
44
vein that drains the spleen and stomach
gastrospleenic vein
45
vein that drains the pyloric end of the stomach
gastric vein
46
veins and arteries servicing the intestines
anterior mesenteric veins/arteries
47
sends branches into the liver and through the ductus venosus directly into the posterior vena cava
umbilical vein
48
blood from the liver empties into the
posterior vena cava
49
what changes after birth?
lungs and liver to full capacity | umbilical vessels break down, ductus venosus shuts down, foramen ovale begins to cover over
50
artery supplying the kidney with blood
renal artery
51
blood leaves kidney through
renal vein
52
renal artery connects directly to the
dorsal aorta
53
renal vein connects directly to the
posterior vena cava
54
form the major divisions of the dorsal aorta and posterior vena cava
common iliac artery and vein, respectively
55
internal iliac arteries supply:
rectum, bladder, gluteal muscles
56
external iliac arteries supply:
legs and feet
57
femoral artery
relatively large branch of the external iliac supplying the muscles of the upper leg
58
anterior vena cava
brings deoxygenated blood from upper body down to heart
59
anterior mesenteric artery
sends blood to the intestine
60
anterior mesenteric vein
takes blood from the intestine
61
brachiocephalic trunk
a large single artery (coming from dorsal aorta) that forms the two common carotid arteries
62
common carotid artery
blood to head region
63
common iliac vein
the major division of the posterior vena cava
64
coronary arteries
supply the heart muscle with blood
65
coronary veins
remove the blood that fed the heart muscle
66
dorsal aorta
the blood leaves the heart and flows into this; the brachiocephalic trunk splits off and the rest goes to the lower part of the body
67
ductus arteriosus
short connecting vessel that shunts the blood to the dorsal aorta connects pulmonary artery to aorta (bypasses lungs)
68
ductus venosus
umbilical vein --> posterior vena cava through this
69
external iliac artery
supplies legs and feet with blood
70
external iliac vein
returns blood from legs and feet
71
external jugular vein
drain blood from face, tongue, and jaw
72
femoral artery
supplies muscles of the upper leg with blood
73
femoral vein
returns blood from muscles of upper leg
74
internal jugular vein
returns blood from brain
75
internal iliac artery
supplies blood to the rectum, bladder, and gluteal muscles
76
internal iliac vein
returns blood from the rectum, bladder, and gluteal muscles
77
left pulmonary artery
supplies blood to the left lung
78
left pulmonary vein
returns blood from the left lung to the left atrium
79
left subclavian artery
supplies blood to the forelimbs; branches directly from the aortic arch
80
left subclavian vein
returns blood from the forelimbs and drains back to the anterior vena cava
81
renal artery
supplies blood to the kidney; connects directly to the dorsal aorta
82
renal vein
drains blood from the kidney; connects directly to the posterior vena cava
83
right pulmonary artery
supplies blood to the right lung
84
right pulmonary vein
returns blood from the right lung to the left atrium
85
right subclavian artery
supplies blood to the forelimbs; branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk
86
right subclavian vein
returns blood from the forelimbs and drains back to the anterior vena cava
87
posterior vena cava
main thing that brings blood back to the heart from the trunk and hind limbs (to the right atrium)
88
pulmonary trunk
carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle/semilunar valve to the pulmonary arteries
89
umbilical artery
carries blood through the umbilical cord and out to the placenta
90
umbilical vein
brings blood back from placenta to posterior vena cava
91
How are developing fetuses supplied with oxygen?
oxygen-rich blood passes from the mother to the fetus via the umbilical vein
92
What major veins and arteries are in the legs?
external iliac arteries/veins, femoral arteries/veins
93
Which direction does blood flow into the carotid arteries (from where to where)?
brachiocephalic trunk --> head (internal and external) (brain, face/tongue/jaw)
94
Which direction does blood flow in the jugular veins (from where to where)?
head --> anterior vena cava
95
What is the difference between the ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, and foramen ovale?
ductus arteriosus: allows blood to skip the lungs (connects pulmonary arteries to aorta) ductus venosus: brings blood from the umbilical cord straight to the posterior vena cava foramen ovale: allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium

Biology 1114 (3 decks)

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