Exercise And Mental Health

Question 1

What is depression

Answer 1

Pathological state of extreme dejection or melancholy often occupancies with physical symptoms

Question 2

What is stress

Answer 2

The body’s response to a demanding situation

Question 3

What effects were resistance and aerobic training on anxiety

Answer 3

Had similar benefits for anxiety

Question 4

What is the usual care for exercise as medicine?

Answer 4

CBI or supportive counselling

Question 5

Who responded better to treatment in the study by Hallgren et al. (2016)?

Answer 5

Those with higher levels of physical activity

Question 6

What was the focus of the meta-analysis by Kvam et al. (2016)?

Answer 6

Effects of exercise for treatment of unipolar depression

Question 7

How many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis?

Answer 7

23 RCTs

Question 8

How did exercise compare to no intervention, control, and usual care?

Answer 8

Exercise was better compared to no intervention, control, and usual care

Question 9

What was noted about the effect of exercise at follow-up?

Answer 9

The effect was no longer evident compared to control

Question 10

How did exercise compare to psychological treatment or medication?

Answer 10

Not different from psychological treatment or medication

Question 11

What trend was observed regarding combined exercise with treatment?

Answer 11

Trend towards combined exercise with treatment being better than medication alone

Question 12

What was the sample size for the study on the effect of dose of exercise?

Answer 12

80 participants

Question 13

How many interventions were analyzed in the study on the effect of dose of exercise?

Answer 13

5 interventions

Question 14

What is the focus of the study by Dunn et al 2005?

Answer 14

The effect of intensity of exercise on depression.

Question 15

How many people participated in Dunn et al 2005 study?

Answer 15

59 people with major depressive disorder.

Question 16

What was the duration of the exercise program in Dunn et al 2005?

Answer 16

4 weeks.

Question 17

How many sessions per week were conducted in Dunn et al 2005?

Answer 17

3 sessions per week.

Question 18

What type of exercise was used in the Sprint Interval Training (SIT) in Dunn et al 2005?

Answer 18

25 bouts of 30 seconds at 80% max power.

Question 19

What type of exercise was used in the Continuous Aerobic Training (CAT) in Dunn et al 2005?

Answer 19

20 minutes at 60% max power.

Question 20

What was the SMD for SIT in Dunn et al 2005?

Answer 20

SMD = 1.2.

Question 21

What was the SMD for CAT in Dunn et al 2005?

Answer 21

SMD = 1.1.

Question 22

What was the conclusion regarding exercise and depression in Dunn et al 2005?

Answer 22

Similar improvements in depression were observed for both SIT and CAT.

Question 23

What is the focus of the study by Minghetti et al 2018?

Answer 23

Yoga and depression.

Question 24

What is the effect of yoga versus no treatment on depression severity?

Answer 24

Yoga has a positive effect on reducing depression severity compared to no treatment.

Test for overall effect: Z = 2.09 (P = 0.04)

Question 25

What associations have been reported between physical activity/exercise and mental health?

Answer 25

Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have reported associations between physical activity/exercise and anxiety, depression, stress, and fatigue.

Question 26

What can physical activity/exercise do for mental health?

Answer 26

Physical activity/exercise can reduce anxiety, depression, stress, and fatigue.

Question 27

What is the title of the umbrella review regarding aerobic exercise for depression?

Answer 27

The effects of aerobic exercise for depression: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Question 28

Depression and inflammation

Answer 28

Depression increased in inflammatory illnesses

Question 29

What conditions are mentioned as examples for exercise as medicine?

Answer 29

Multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 30

What is associated with increased rates of depression in cytokine treatments?

Answer 30

Cytokine treatments.

Question 31

In which patient group are levels of inflammation associated with fatigue?

Answer 31

Cancer patients.

Question 32

What syndrome is linked with infection?

Answer 32

Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME).

Question 33

What type of inflammation is associated with diabetes mellitus type 2?

Answer 33

Low-grade inflammation.

Question 34

How are the dimensions of fatigue often characterized in clinical populations?

Answer 34

Often unidimensional and not all dimensions are associated with inflammation.

Question 35

What has stronger associations with inflammation in cancer patients?

Answer 35

Physical fatigue compared to mental fatigue.

Question 36

What experimental designs are used to study sickness behavior?

Answer 36

Healthy participants receiving placebo or vaccine.

Question 37

What is the title of the study by Karshikoff et al 2017?

Answer 37

LH Exercise as Medicine

Question 38

What type of participants were involved in the experimental designs of sickness behavior?

Answer 38

Healthy participants receiving placebo or vaccine

Question 39

What assessments were conducted in the study?

Answer 39

Assessments at baseline and + 3 hours for inflammation, mood, fatigue, confusion, and performance on task

Question 40

What were the IL-6 levels for vaccine and placebo?

Answer 40

Vaccine: 300 pg/ml, Placebo: 250 pg/ml

Question 41

What is the immune hypothesis related to depression?

Answer 41

Cytokine treatment (IFN-gamma) causes depressive symptoms.

Question 42

What do medically ill and non-medically ill depressed patients have in common?

Answer 42

They both have inflammatory markers.

Question 43

What are the key components involved in inflammation related to depression?

Answer 43

Glucocorticoid function, Tryptophan, and Serotonin.

Question 44

What is the title of the article by Kiecolt-Glaser et al.?

Answer 44

Inflammation: Depression Fans the Flames and Feast on the Heat.

Question 45

What journal published the article by Kiecolt-Glaser et al.?

Answer 45

American Journal of Psychiatry.

Question 46

What is the focus of the article 'Inflammation and Its Discontents'?

Answer 46

The role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression.

Question 47

Who are the authors of the article 'Inflammation and Its Discontents'?

Answer 47

Andrew H. Miller, Vladimir Maletic, and Charles L. Raison.

Question 48

What are some psychological mechanisms related to physical activity/exercise?

Answer 48

Anxiety sensitivity, positive affect during exercise, self-efficacy, perceived competence, and mindfulness.

Question 49

What are some benefits of exercise as medicine?

Answer 49

Improvement in appearance perception (body image), self-esteem, and distraction from stress, anxiety, and depression.

Question 50

What is anxiety sensitivity?

Answer 50

A precursor of panic attacks/disorders characterized by fear of anxiety and anxiety-related sensations, and a tendency to misinterpret sensations.

Question 51

How does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) work for anxiety?

Answer 51

CBT works through exposure to fear of somatic sensations, arousal reduction, etc.

Question 52

What was the sample size in the study by Broman-Fulks et al 2004 on anxiety and fitness in PTSD?

Answer 52

N = 32 with PTSD.

Question 53

What type of intervention was used in the study on PTSD?

Answer 53

Aerobic exercise intervention.

Question 54

What was the sample size in the study by Broman-Fulks et al 2004?

Answer 54

N = 32 with PTSD

Question 55

What type of exercise intervention was used in the Broman-Fulks et al 2004 study?

Answer 55

Aerobic exercise intervention

Question 56

How many sessions of aerobic exercise were conducted in the Broman-Fulks et al 2004 study?

Answer 56

6 sessions in 2 weeks

Question 57

What was the target heart rate during the aerobic exercise in the Broman-Fulks et al 2004 study?

Answer 57

60-80% HR

Question 58

What assessments were conducted in the Broman-Fulks et al 2004 study?

Answer 58

Anxiety sensitivity and PTSD questionnaire, Fitness test

Question 59

When were the assessments conducted in the Broman-Fulks et al 2004 study?

Answer 59

At baseline, 1 week, post intervention and 1 week follow up

Question 60

What is the scoring system used in the LeBouthillier et al 2016 study?

Answer 60

Needs improvement, Fair, Good, Very good, Excellent

Question 61

What type of study is referenced in the document?

Answer 61

Cross-sectional study

Question 62

What factors were assessed in the study?

Answer 62

Anxiety sensitivity, exercise frequency, anxiety, and depression

Question 63

What was the sample size of the study?

Answer 63

N= 1,023 adults (aged 18 - 85, mean 46 years)

Question 64

What is the association found in the study?

Answer 64

Exercise frequency is associated with anxiety/depression and anxiety sensitivity

Question 65

What mediates the association between exercise frequency and anxiety & depression?

Answer 65

Anxiety sensitivity mediates the association

Question 66

Who conducted the study referenced in the document?

Answer 66

Broman-Fulks et al 2018

Question 67

What is negative affect?

Answer 67

Feelings of energy ## Footnote Scale: 5.0 Extremely, 2.0 Moderately, 1.0 Not at all

Question 68

What are the bi-directional associations related to physical activity?

Answer 68

Higher positive affect, lower negative affect & fatigue → more MPVA Higher negative affect and energy → more LPA More LPA and MVPA → more energetic More LPA → more negative affect and less tired ## Footnote Liao et al 2017

Question 69

What is the focus of the scoping review by Wright et al.?

Answer 69

Associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and stress using ecological momentary assessment.