Exercise For Psychosis

Question 1

What are positive psychotic symptoms?

Answer 1

Hallucinations, Delusions, Disorganised Speech

Question 2

What are negative psychotic symptoms?

Answer 2

Anhedonia, Anergie, Apatry, Avolition

Question 3

What are cognitive symptoms of psychosis?

Answer 3

Cognitive Impairment, Poor Memory, Processing Speed

Question 4

What is the global prevalence of schizophrenia?

Answer 4

Schizophrenia affects over 20 million individuals worldwide.

(1)

Question 5

Where does schizophrenia rank in terms of debilitating disorders?

Answer 5

Schizophrenia is ranked within the top 10 of the most debilitating disorders in the Global Burden of Disease Review.

(2)

Question 6

What is the estimated economic burden of schizophrenia by 2026?

Answer 6

The economic burden of schizophrenia is estimated to amount to 23.7 billion by 2026.

(3)

Question 7

What is psychosis?

Answer 7

An episode where one is detached from reality.

Question 8

What is schizophrenia?

Answer 8

A mental illness that impacts thought processes, emotions, and behavior.

Question 9

What can cause psychosis?

Answer 9

It can be a symptom of sleep deprivation, substance use, mental illness, and other conditions.

Question 10

What are the criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia?

Answer 10

One must experience at least two of the following symptoms for six months, including one of the first three:

1. Hallucinations
2. Delusions
3. Disorganized speech.

Question 11

What are signs of psychosis?

Answer 11

Signs include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and negative symptoms such as lessened emotional expression.

Question 12

What is the incidence rate of first episode psychosis in England?

Answer 12

31.7 per 108,000

Question 13

What is a crucial intervention point for first episode psychosis?

Answer 13

The first 5 years since symptom onset

Question 14

Why is early intervention in psychosis important?

Answer 14

It is both clinically effective and cost-effective.

Question 15

What does early intervention limit?

Answer 15

Experiences with severe and debilitating symptom subtypes.

Question 16

What is the state of pathology in early intervention?

Answer 16

It is still in its infancy and can change the trajectory of illness.

Question 17

What are the benefits of early intervention?

Answer 17

Better symptomatic and functional outcomes, improved psychological condition, and increased chances of optimum recovery.

Question 18

What is the primary function of antipsychotic drugs?

Answer 18

Effectively reduce positive symptoms experienced in PEP/SeZ.

Question 19

What positive symptoms do antipsychotic drugs target?

Answer 19

Hallucinations, delusions, anxiety.

Question 20

Which receptor do antipsychotic drugs operate via?

Answer 20

C2 dopamine receptor.

Question 21

What is regulated by antipsychotic drugs?

Answer 21

Dopaminergic transmission.

Question 22

What is a limitation of antipsychotic drugs?

Answer 22

They fail to ameliorate negative symptoms and cognitive deficits in 33% of schizophrenia cohorts.

This means that a significant portion of patients do not respond to these medications.

Question 23

What are some side effects of antipsychotic drugs?

Answer 23

They can induce further extrapyramidal symptoms, poor motivation, and emotional numbing.

Question 24

What are some health risks associated with antipsychotic drugs?

Answer 24

They are linked to cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.

Question 25

What is the weight gain associated with Haloperidol?

Answer 25

Haloperidol can cause weight gain ranging from 7.4 to 9.2 kg (16.3 to 20.3 lbs).

Question 26

What is the primary focus of exercise as therapy?

Answer 26

Anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

Question 27

What percentage of maximum effort is associated with IL-6?

Answer 27

>60% maximum.

Question 28

What physiological benefit does exercise provide?

Answer 28

Offsets AP induced weight gain.

Question 29

How does exercise impact metabolic and cardiovascular diseases?

Answer 29

Prevents metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (insulin, glucagon).

Question 30

What risk does exercise reduce?

Answer 30

Reduces premature mortality risk.

Question 31

What processes does exercise influence in the body?

Answer 31

Regulates peripheral anti-inflammatory processes.

Question 32

What does exercise facilitate in terms of myokines?

Answer 32

Upregulation in IL-6 and growth factors that can pass the blood-brain barrier.

Question 33

What are some key myokines involved in exercise?

Answer 33

IL-6, IL-10, S-INH, TNF, Th1 (IFN-y), TLR expression.

Question 34

What type of stress is associated with adipose tissue?

Answer 34

Oxidative stress.

Question 35

What are the reported effects of exercise on the brain and CNS?

Answer 35

Exercise is reported to exert multiple beneficial effects in the brain and CNS, including increased grey matter volume and improved cognitive functioning.

Question 36

What cognitive functions are improved by exercise?

Answer 36

Exercise improves cognitive functioning, including working memory, social cognition, and attention. ## Footnote (5)

Question 37

How does exercise influence neurogenesis?

Answer 37

Exercise influences neurogenesis and synaptic potentiation.

Question 38

What effect does exercise have on cerebral cytokines?

Answer 38

Exercise downregulates cerebral cytokines to reduce neuroinflammation.

Question 39

What is one long-term benefit of exercise related to degenerative diseases?

Answer 39

Exercise delays the onset of degenerative disease. ## Footnote (7)

Question 40

What is the focus of the study by Dunleavy et al, 2022?

Answer 40

Investigating the effects of a 6-week moderate-to-vigorous exercise intervention on inflammatory biomarker concentration and negative symptom presentation in First Episode Psychosis.

Question 41

What questionnaire is used for screening negative symptoms?

Answer 41

Negative Symptom Questionnaire.

Question 42

What does FEP stand for?

Answer 42

First Episode Psychosis.

Question 43

What are the response options for the Negative Symptoms questionnaire?

Answer 43

Strongly agree, Agree, Disagree, Strongly disagree.

Question 44

What is the main focus of the study titled 'ExerciseAPsychosis'?

Answer 44

The study assesses the effect of moderate-to-vigorous exercise on inflammatory biomarkers and negative symptom profiles in men with first-episode psychosis.

Question 45

How long was the exercise program in the study?

Answer 45

The exercise program lasted for 6 weeks.

Question 46

What intensity of exercise was used in the study?

Answer 46

Standardised exercise bouts were conducted at 60-75% of an individual's personal HRMax.

Question 47

What significant changes were observed after the exercise program?

Answer 47

Significant changes in biomarkers and symptom profiles central to first-episode psychosis pathophysiology were observed.

Question 48

What specific biomarker showed significant reductions?

Answer 48

There were significant reductions in basal circulating IL-6 concentration.

Question 49

Which other biomarkers increased during the study?

Answer 49

Increases were seen in IL-8, IL-10, BDNF, and VEGF.

Question 50

What was the impact of the exercise on negative symptoms?

Answer 50

There was a significant reduction in negative symptoms and general psychopathology.