Exercise and Sport Science

Question 1

Skeletal functions

Answer 1

Bones are very strong and help protect vital organs. Provide shape and support.

Question 2

Muscles attach to bones by

Answer 2

Tendons

Question 3

Bones attach to bones by

Answer 3

Ligament

Question 4

Cartilage

Answer 4

Strong, flexible connective tissue.

Question 5

Blood Production

Answer 5

Bones produce red and white blood cells in the bone marrow of major bones.

Question 6

How many bones in the human body?

Answer 6

206

Question 7

How many bones in the human foot?

Answer 7

26

Question 8

What is the longest and strongest bone in the human skeleton?

Answer 8

The femur, located in the thigh.

Question 9

What are the parts inside of a bone?

Answer 9

Bone Marrow, blood vessels, compact bone, bone end, spongy bone.

Question 10

4 Types of bones

Answer 10

Long bone, Short bone, Flat bone, Irregular bone.

Question 11

Long bone

Answer 11

Longer than they are wide and have strong dense and strength for structure and mobility.
E.g. humerus, radius, ulna, femur.

Question 12

Short bone

Answer 12

Provide large quantities of bone marrow, primarily designed to give support and stability to the body.
E.g. bones in the wrist including the trapezoid.

Question 13

Flat bone

Answer 13

Generally strong and provide protection, allowing muscles to attach to them.
e.g. cranium (skull), rib cage.

Question 14

Irregular bone

Answer 14

Remaining bones that do not classify as other bone types. Serve various purposes.
E.g. vertebrae which make up the spine.

Question 15

5 Types of joints

Answer 15

Synovial, pivot, hinge, ball and socket, condyloid.

Question 16

What is a joint?

Answer 16

Joints are where two or more bones meet.

Question 17

Synovial joints

Answer 17

Most moving joints are synovial joints.

Question 18

Pivot joint

Answer 18

one bone rotates freely around the other.

Question 19

Hinge joint

Answer 19

The two movements possible are flexion and extension. A hinge joint is a common class of synovial joint.

Question 20

Ball and socket joint

Answer 20

A joint in which a ball moves within a socket. This type of joint allows rotary motion in every direction within certain limits.

Question 21

Condyloid joint

Answer 21

Very delicate areas (wrist, palm, fingers)

Question 22

10 Joint movements

Answer 22

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, pronation, supination.

Question 23

Flexion

Answer 23

Decreasing the angle at a joint, bending of a joint

Question 24

Extension

Answer 24

increasing the angle at a joint, straightening of a limb at a joint

Question 25

Adduction

Answer 25

Moving towards the centre of the body

Question 26

Abduction

Answer 26

Moving away from the centre of the body

Question 27

Rotation

Answer 27

Moving on a limb from side to side in either direction (swivelling)

Question 28

Circumduction

Answer 28

Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction.

Question 29

Pronation

Answer 29

The forearm pronation is the movement of turning the palm over to face downwards

Question 30

Supination

Answer 30

The opposite movement of pronation, turning the palm up of forwards.

Question 31

Plantar flexion

Answer 31

Extension of the ankle, pointing of the toes

Question 32

Dorsiflexion

Answer 32

Flexion of the foot in an upward direction towards shin

Question 33

4 types of muscles

Answer 33

Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal, Fixator

Question 34

What is the Cranium and where is it located

Answer 34

The skull, located in the head.

Question 35

What is the Cervical Vertebrae and where is it located

Answer 35

In the neck.

Question 36

What is the Sternum and where is it located

Answer 36

Located at the front of the chest, connects to the ribs.

Question 37

What is the Clavicle and where is it located

Answer 37

Collar bone, located in the shoulders

Question 38

What is the Scapula and where is it located

Answer 38

Shoulder blade, located in the shoulders

Question 39

What is the Humerus and where is it located

Answer 39

A long bone which goes from your shoulder to your funny bone (elbow)

Question 40

What is the Ribs and where is it located

Answer 40

Ribs, located in the chest, provide protection for vital organs.

Question 41

What is the Ulna and where is it located

Answer 41

The ulna is a long bone, located on the inside of the lower arm.

Question 42

What is the Lumbar vertebrae and where is it located

Answer 42

5 vertebrae in the lower spine.

Question 43

What is the Radius and where is it located

Answer 43

The radius is a long bone, located on the outside of the lower arm (radiating out with the thumb)

Question 44

What is the ilium and where is it located

Answer 44

The ilium is the largest bone of the hip.

Question 45

What is the Carpals and where is it located

Answer 45

The carpals are the bones that make up the wrist.

Question 46

What is the Metacarpals and where is it located

Answer 46

5 bones located in the palm

Question 47

What is the Phalanges and where is it located

Answer 47

fingers and toes.

Question 48

What is the ischium and where is it located

Answer 48

Located in the lower and back part of the hip bone.

Question 49

What is the femur and where is it located

Answer 49

The longest and strongest bone in the body located in the thigh.

Question 50

What is the Sacrum and where is it located

Answer 50

Triangular bone at the base of the spine.

Question 51

What is the Patella and where is it located

Answer 51

The kneecap.

Question 52

What is the Tibia and where is it located

Answer 52

The 'shinbone' is the larger and stronger of the two long bones located below the knee.

Question 53

What is the Fibula and where is it located

Answer 53

The calf bone is the thinner of the two bones located below the knee.

Question 54

What is the Tarsals and where is it located

Answer 54

Like carpals, but at the ankle. cluster of seven bones.

Question 55

What is the Metatarsals and where is it located

Answer 55

Like metacarpals, a group of 5 long bones in the foot connecting the phalanges and tarsals.