Exercises 3 Flashcards
Which neurons carry messages from the outside world towards the spinal cord or brain?
sensory neurons.
Sensory receptors receives info from the outside world to pass onto the sensory neurons - name the SR for touch, pressure, smell.
mechanical stimuli
Sensory receptors receives info from the outside world to pass onto the sensory neurons - name the SR for heat & cold?
thermal stimuli
Sensory receptors receives info from the outside world to pass onto the sensory neurons - name the SR for external chemicals or chemicals within the body such as histamine.
chemical stimuli
Which neurons carry commands from the spinal cord & brain to the rest of the body telling muscles & organs how to behave?
motor neurons.
What is the name of the receptors in the heart muscle, smooth muscle & glands that send messages to the Motor neurons?
autonomic effectors
What is the name of the receptors in skeletal muscles that send messages to the Motor Neurons?
motor effectors.
What is the name for a bundle of axons which carry electrical messages thru out the body?
nerve
What is the name of a large network of nerves in the PNS?
plexus
Name for chemicals in a neuron that transmit signals to a receptor across a synapse?
neurotransmitter
Name for nerve impulses?
action potential
What is the name of the point at which impulses (action potential) travel from one neuron to the next?
synapse.
What is the name of the synapse between a motor neuron & a muscle fibre?
neuromuscular junction
What is the name for the knot-like masses of nerve tissue outside the brain or spinal cord?
ganglia (sing.ganglion) ganglia act as relay centres, gathering the sensations & passing them onto the spinal cord where they travel to the brain.
From the PNS another system relays info to & from the skin & skeletal muscles, it is called the?
Somatic (voluntary) nervous system
From the PNS another system relays info to internal organs, it is called the?
Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system( ANS)
From the ANS another system controls organs in times of stress, it is called the?
Sympathetic nervous system
From the ANS another system controls organs when body is at rest, it is called?
Parasympathetic nervous system.
What is the name of the membrane lining the outer surface of the skull?
periosteum - this is the next layer after the skin. Skin, periosteum, bone.
The brain is incased within the?
skull or cranium
What is the name of a series of tough membranes which cover the brain & spinal cord?
meninges - it protects them from rubbing against the bones of the skull & spine.
Meninges has 3 layers - which is the strongest, it is a thick, leathery 2 layered sheet of connective tissue?
dura mater (tough mother). Bone then dura mater.
Meninges has 3 layers - what is the middle layer which forms a loose covering over the brain & spinal cord?
arachnoid mater - it acts as a cushion between the dura mater & pia mater.
Meninges has 3 layers - which is the very delicate membrane composed of connective tissue & many tiny blood vessels which nourish the CNS?
Pia mater (gentle mother) - it clings tightly to the brain following every contour & to the spinal cord.
