Exfoliative Cytology

Question 1

is the microscopic examination of shed, desquamated cells.

Answer 1

Exfoliative cytology

Question 2

Method of choice for exfoliative cytology

Answer 2

Pap smear stain method

Question 3

is found in the nucleus of every somatic cell in females and it can be seen clearly during interphase, when the nucleus is not dividing.

Answer 3

Barr body

Question 4

Why is a Barr body only found in females?

Answer 4

Since women have two X chromosomes, one being inactivated, a single Barr Body is present in female mammal cells while males typically have no Barr Body present since they have only one X chromosome.

Question 5

3 anatomical sites in Pap smear

Answer 5

1. Upper lateral third of the vagina
2. Ectocervix
   lec.mt 04 |Page | 7
   (Stratified Squamous Epithelium)
   —————-T zone: detect cervical cancer————-
   (Simple Squamous Epithelium)
3. Endocervix

Question 6

PAP smear fixation:
♫ ___% alcohol = All types
___% alcohol = pleural & peritoneal
___% alcohol = sputum
___% alcohol = urine, bronchial & gastric
♫ Saccomanno’s fixative = _____ + _______

Answer 6

♫ 50% alcohol = All types
50% alcohol = pleural & peritoneal
70% alcohol = sputum
95% alcohol = urine, bronchial & gastric
♫ Saccomanno’s fixative = 50% ETOH + 2% carbowax

Question 7

Explain smear preparation in Exfoliative cytology.

Answer 7

Fix immediately
2-3 slides/patient

a. streaking
b. spreading
c. touch preparation/impression
d. pull-apart

*Never touch the bottom of the fixative container.

Question 8

BEST way to fix smear in exfoliative cytology. However, it is highly flammable.

Answer 8

Equal parts of ethanol & ether

Question 9

Commonly used method in fixing smear for exfoliative cytology.

Answer 9

95% ethanol

Question 10

When fixing smear, spray fixatives __feet away.

Answer 10

1 feet

Question 11

When processing sputum,
What fixative is used?
How many specimen?
Where can alveolar macrophage be found?

Answer 11

Saccomanno’s fixative
3 specimen
(+) alveolar macrophage = sputum
(-) alveolar macrophage = saliva

Question 12

is the most common invasive procedure used to diagnose P. jiroveci pneumonia (PJP), ( formerly P. carinii pneumonia).

Answer 12

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

Question 13

Can be prevented by adding 300U heparin/100mL aspirate.

Answer 13

Jelly-like clots

Question 14

Specimen:

If >½ hr delay of fixation — digestion of cells
Fasting: 8 hrs

Answer 14

GI specimen

Question 15

Urine Specimen
___mL = cytology
____mL = UA
________ = preferred

Answer 15

50mL = cytology
10-15mL = UA
2nd urine = preferred

Question 16

PAP SMEAR:
Dr. George Papanicolau (1940)
Smears: prepared by ______ motion
1. Mailing of specimens
- air drying after ___ hrs fixation
- _______ technique
2. _________ = not recommended as adhesive agent (intensifies stain by Light Green)

Answer 16

Dr. George Papanicolau (1940)
Smears: prepared by ROTARY motion
1. Mailing of specimens
- air drying after 2 hrs fixation
- GLYCERIN technique
2. EGG ALBUMIN = not recommended as adhesive agent (intensifies stain by Light Green)

Question 17

Adhesive agents

Answer 17

Pooled human serum/plasma
Celloidin ether alcohol
Leuconostoc culture

Question 18

3 primary materials used for obtaining specimen for Pap smear

Answer 18

1. Speculum
2. Ayer’s spatula = rotate 3600
3. Cytobrush = Os

Question 19

vulval erythema and punctate hemorrhagic spots in the cervix and vagina

observed in trichomoniasis

Answer 19

Strawberry cervix

Question 20

Trichomoniasis is caused by :

Answer 20

Trichomonas vaginalis