Exhaust

Question 1

What are recip exhaust systems made out of?

Answer 1

nickel chromium steel

Question 2

What are two basic types of recip exhaust systems?

Answer 2

the short stack (open system) and the collector system

Question 3

What type of engines used the short stack system?

Answer 3

nonsupercharged, low power engines

Question 4

What is a disadvantage of collector system?

Answer 4

it increases exhaust system pressure which reduces horsepower

Question 5

What type of engines used straight stacks?

Answer 5

early in line and v engines

Question 6

What were disadvantages to short stack systems?

Answer 6

no silencing capability, when an aircraft was side slipped cold air could flow into the stacks and warp the exhaust valves

Question 7

How are types of collector systems for recip engines defined?

Answer 7

by the type of engine

Question 8

What are the two types of collector systems discussed?

Answer 8

opposed engine exhaust manifold and the radial engine collector rings

Question 9

How are risers attached to each cylinder?

Answer 9

brass or special heat resistant locknuts

Question 10

What connects exhaust stacks on the left side of the engines with the stacks on the right?

Answer 10

crossover tubes

Question 11

What connects sections of opposed engine exhaust manifolds?

Answer 11

spring loaded ball joints

Question 12

What do spring loaded ball joints do?

Answer 12

allow for expansion but tight enough to prevent leaks. they can compensate for slight misalignment of parts

Question 13

The exhaust collector tube might be routed to a _____________, _______________, ____________________

Answer 13

turbocharger, muffler, exhaust augmenter

Question 14

How are radial engine exhaust tubes fitted together?

Answer 14

slip joints

Question 15

What is the purpose of slip joints?

Answer 15

aid in aligning exhaust components, accomodate expansion, prevent leakage

Question 16

Each section of the _______________ is bolted to a bracket on the ________________ section of the engine

Answer 16

collector, blower

Question 17

What connects the exhaust tailpipe on a radial engine exhaust system to the collect ring?

Answer 17

telescoping expansion joint

Question 18

What is inside a muffler that decreases sound?

Answer 18

baffles

Question 19

What does a shroud do around a muffler?

Answer 19

takes in unheated outside air between the muffler and shroud where exhaust gas heats the muffler and the air within the shroud, this air can be used for cabin heat or anti ice/de ice

Question 20

What is the purpose of exhaust augmentors?

Answer 20

to cool the engine

Question 21

How are some exhaust augmenters adjusted?

Answer 21

augmentor vanes

Question 22

What can result from exhaust system failure?

Answer 22

carbon monoxide poisoning, aircraft fire, decreased engine performance

Question 23

What type of tools shouldn’t be used when working on an exhaust system?

Answer 23

galvanized or zince plated tools

Question 24

What should be used to mark exhaust components?

Answer 24

felt tip markers, India ink, Prussian blue

Question 25

What should be used to clean ceramic coated exhaust systems?

Answer 25

a degreasing solution

Question 26

What is the most commonly identified exhaust system discrepancy?

Answer 26

cracks

Question 27

What indications show escaping gas?

Answer 27

flat gray or sooty black streaks

Question 28

In most cases, a failure in the exhaust system is a result of?

Answer 28

high exhaust temperatures

Question 29

What are the primary causes of internal muffler failures?

Answer 29

extreme thermal conditions like backfiring and combustion of unburned fuel

Question 30

What are turbine engine exhaust systems made out of?

Answer 30

nickel or titanium

Question 31

How are turbine airframe structures protected from exhaust?

Answer 31

routing ventilating air or an insulation blanket

Question 32

In a turbine exhaust system, what does the exhaust cone do?

Answer 32

collects gases discharged from the turbine and collect them into a jet

Question 33

What does the tailcone and struts do to the exhaust duct?

Answer 33

add strength, impart an axial direction, smooth gas flow

Question 34

What is the rear opening of the a turbine engine exhaust duct called?

Answer 34

an exhaust nozzle

Question 35

What does the exhaust nozzle do?

Answer 35

acts as an orifice whose size determines the density and velocity of exiting gases

Question 36

What can adjusting the area of an exhaust nozzle do?

Answer 36

change engine performance and EGT

Question 37

In a low bypass engine what combines the two flows and discharges them from the same nozzle?

Answer 37

a mixer unit

Question 38

How is fan air/turbine air discharged in a high bypass engine?

Answer 38

separately

Question 39

What do thrust reversers do?

Answer 39

1. aid in braking and directional control during normal landing and reduce brake maintenance 2. provide braking and directional control during emergency landings and balked takeoffs 3. back an aircraft out of a parking spot

Question 40

How much braking force do thrust reversers provide?

Answer 40

20%

Question 41

What must thrust reversers be capable of providing?

Answer 41

50% of rated thrust in the reverse direction

Question 42

What does an aerodynamic blockage thrust reverser use to reverse?

Answer 42

thin airfoils, or vanes, called cascades

Question 43

What is one solution to turbojet exhaust noise?

Answer 43

corrigated perimeter noise suppressor

Question 44

According to the SAIB article, what are the probable causes for accidents related to exhaust system failures?

Answer 44

carbon monoxide poisoning, partial or complete loss of engine power, fire, or a combination of the above

Question 45

According to the SAIB article, what can happen if muffler knobs/pins fail?

Answer 45

leakage of exhaust gas directly into the cabin

Question 46

According to the SAIB article, what tools should be used to inspect an exhaust system?

Answer 46

flashlight, mirror, awl or pick, length of small diameter wooden dowel rod or solid core wire

Question 47

According to the SAIB article, how can muffler or heat exchanger corrosion be determined before corrosion breaks through the most outer surface?

Answer 47

examining the area of the muffler at either end where the end plate is inserted into the muffler shell. Swelling occurs that can be seen as a raised area off the normal surface line of the muffler surface

Question 48

According to the SAIB article, torching is a particular concern on what kind of engines?

Answer 48

turbocharged

Question 49

According to the Exhaust Systems article, what should happen before inspecting the exhaust system?

Answer 49

remove all shroud and shields

Question 50

According to the Exhaust Systems article, what are signs of metal fatigue?

Answer 50

bulges, distortions, or cracks

Question 51

According to the Exhaust Systems article, what material are exhaust systems comprised of?

Answer 51

321 stainless steel or 601 or 625 inconel