exit

Question 1

When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has a fouling tendency, it should flow:

Answer 1

Preferably flow outside the tube

This ensures easier cleaning and reduces corrosion.

Question 2

Concrete tanks can be used to store:

Answer 2

• Iron (II) sulfate
• Saturated brine
• Sulfuric acid
• Alum

These materials are compatible with concrete storage.

Question 3

Fouling factor must be included in the calculation of overall heat transfer coefficient when the liquid:

Answer 3

• Is of high specific viscosity
• Contains suspended solids flows at high velocity
• Is highly viscous
• Contains suspended solids flows at low velocity

These conditions can significantly affect heat transfer efficiency.

Question 4

In the case of a continuous distillation column, an increase of reflux ratio may result in all of the following except:

Answer 4

Lower fixed charges for the column

Higher reflux ratios typically increase operational costs.

Question 5

A cylindrical storage tank can have a self-supported conical roof if:

Answer 5

Its diameter is less than 15 to 20 meters

This design is influenced by structural stability considerations.

Question 6

In a condenser, the cooling water is passed in tube side in a multiple-pass arrangement, because:

Answer 6

Pressure drop is reduced

This design enhances the efficiency of heat exchange.

Question 7

Which of the following is the best tube material from thermal conductivity point of view alone?

Answer 7

Copper

Copper has the highest thermal conductivity among common materials.

Question 8

The presence of Mn in steel improves its:

Answer 8

• Corrosion resistance
• Cutting ability
• Elasticity and creep resistance
• Abrasion resistance and toughness

Manganese enhances several mechanical properties of steel.

Question 9

Which of the following is correct regarding the design of pressure vessels?

Answer 9

Design pressure > operating pressure

This ensures safety and accounts for pressure fluctuations.

Question 10

What is the value of Lf for a predominantly fluids processing plant?

Answer 10

6

This Lang factor is used for estimating fixed capital costs.

Question 11

What information does scheduling in a manufacturing plant provide?

Answer 11

Time of starting of job and about how much work should be completed during a particular period

Effective scheduling aids in resource management.

Question 12

Which of the following is not part of the working capital?

Answer 12

Transport facilities

Working capital typically includes inventory and other current assets.

Question 13

How does change in pipe diameter affect the pumping cost for a given fluid?

Answer 13

Increase in diameter means decrease in pumping cost

Larger diameters reduce resistance and energy consumption.

Question 14

Which of the following is incorrect, in the case of a chemical process plant?

Answer 14

Manufacturing cost = direct production cost + fixed cost + plant overhead cost

This equation misrepresents the components of manufacturing cost.

Question 15

The utilities cost in the operation of chemical processing plant are considered:

Answer 15

Plant overhead cost

Utilities are necessary for operations but not directly tied to production.

Question 16

The accuracy of order-of-magnitude estimate is:

Answer 16

-10 to +15%

This range indicates the estimated variability in cost estimates.

Question 17

An autocatalytic anodic reaction process, this type of corrosion is an extremely localized attack that results in a hole in the material.

Answer 17

Pitting

Pitting corrosion can lead to unexpected failures in materials.

Question 18

The reboiler of most industrial-scale distillation systems are of this type.

Answer 18

Shell-and-tube heat exchanger

This design is favored for its efficiency and capacity.

Question 19

Which method of profitability evaluation of a project does not account for investment cost due to land?

Answer 19

Payback or payout period

This method focuses on cash flow recovery rather than total investment.

Question 20

In a manufacturing plant, break-even point occurs when _____

Answer 20

Total annual product cost = total annual sales

At this point, the business neither makes a profit nor incurs a loss.

Question 21

Which parameter determines the speed of which a first-order system responds to disturbance?

Answer 21

Time constant

The time constant indicates how quickly the system reacts.

Question 22

The output bias of a proportional controller is known as _____

Answer 22

Offset

Offset occurs when a controller does not eliminate steady-state error.

Question 23

The industry-accepted symbols for drawing P&ID are based on standards developed by the ISA, which stands for _____

Answer 23

Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society now International Society of Automation

ISA has established key standards for instrumentation.

Question 24

These are simple devices that are widely used to control sequential and batch processes.

Answer 24

Programmable Logic Controllers

PLCs are versatile and widely adopted in automation.

Question 25

What is the most common linear stem-motion control valve?

Answer 25

Globe ## Footnote Globe valves are known for their flow regulation capabilities.

Question 26

A _____ is a compact device that maintains the process variable at a specific value in spite of disturbances in load flow.

Answer 26

Regulator ## Footnote Regulators are essential for maintaining system stability.

Question 27

Which of the following is at the core or center of the layers of safety protection in chemical plants?

Answer 27

Basic controls ## Footnote Basic controls are fundamental to ensuring operational safety.

Question 28

What do you call devices that convert measurements to physical entities that can be transmitted with ease?

Answer 28

Transducers ## Footnote Transducers play a critical role in control systems.

Question 29

Which of the following is never used as a final control element?

Answer 29

Flowmeter ## Footnote Flowmeters are measurement devices, not control elements.

Question 30

Which control action eliminates offset?

Answer 30

Integral ## Footnote Integral control actions help to eliminate steady-state errors.

Question 31

For a faster response, the integral time parameter of a composite controller (i.e., PID) must be _____

Answer 31

Adjusted to a lower value ## Footnote Lower integral times lead to quicker system responses.

Question 32

The most important hardware component of any control system is the:

Answer 32

Final control element ## Footnote The final control element directly influences process outcomes.

Question 33

Which of the following describes a (first-order) pulse transfer function with delay?

Answer 33

Ke(-θs) / (τs + 1) ## Footnote This transfer function accounts for time delays in system response.

Question 34

An interest rate of 1% per month is the same as:

Answer 34

All of these ## Footnote Different expressions represent the same effective interest rate.

Question 35

An interest rate of effective 12% per year compounded monthly is nearest to:

Answer 35

1% per month ## Footnote This conversion reflects the compounding effect.

Question 36

Which of the following methods of calculating depreciation gives the maximum value computed for the entire useful life of the equipment?

Answer 36

Diminishing balance ## Footnote This method allows for higher depreciation in early years.

Question 37

The operating profit of a chemical manufacturing plant is equal to _____

Answer 37

Profit after tax + depreciation ## Footnote This reflects the true profitability of operations.