Exogenous and Endogenous

Question 1

– Weathering, Mass Wasting, Erosion, Transportation and Deposition

Answer 1

Gradation Processes

Question 2

● Physical processes which create and modify landforms on the surface of the earth

Answer 2

Geomorphic Processes:

Question 3

are large-scale landform building and transforming processes – they create relief.

Answer 3

Endogenous Processes

Question 4

a.Volcanism: Volcanic eruptions  Volcanoes
b.Plutonism: Igneous intrusions

Answer 4

Igneous Processes

Question 5

(Also called Diastrophism)

Folding: anticlines, synclines, mountains
b.Faulting: rift valleys, graben, escarpments
c.Lateral Faulting: strike-slip faults

Answer 5

Tectonic Processes

Question 6

Also called Gradational Processes, they comprise degradation and aggradation – they modify relief

Answer 6

Exogenous Processes

Question 7

– Weathering  Mass Wasting  Erosion  Transportation  Deposition

Answer 7

continuum of processes

Question 8

processes are carried through by______: gravity, flowing water (rivers), moving ice (glaciers), waves and tides (oceans and lakes), wind, plants, organisms, animals and humans

Answer 8

Geomorphic Agents

Question 9

 Also called Denudation Processes
a. Weathering , b. Mass Wasting and c. Erosion and Transportation

Answer 9

Degradation Processes

Question 10

a. Deposition – fluvial, eolian, glacial, coastal

Answer 10

Aggradation Processes

Question 11

is disintegration and decomposition of rocks in situ – no transportation involved  produces regolith

Answer 11

Weathering

Question 12

it involves the _______that fragments rock masses into smaller components that amass on-site, before being moved by gravity or transported by other agents

Answer 12

mechanical or physical disintegration and/or chemical decomposition

Question 13

Types of Weathering:

Answer 13

1) Physical or Mechanical Weathering,
2) Chemical Weathering
3) Biological Weathering

Question 14

– due to thermal expansion/contraction and/or release of pressure when buried rocks are uplifted and exposed

Answer 14

Exfoliation

Question 15

 decomposes rocks through a chemical change in its minerals

Answer 15

Chemical Weathering

Question 16

– important in iron-rich
rocks – reddish coloration like rust

Answer 16

Oxidation

Question 17

– igneous rocks have
much silica which readily combines
with water

Answer 17

Hydrolysis

Question 18

– carbon dioxide dissolved in water reacts with carbonate rocks to create a soluble product (calcium bicarbonate)

Answer 18

Carbonation and Solution

Question 19

– plants and animals contribute to weathering.

Answer 19

Biological Weathering

Question 20

physically break or wedge rock

Answer 20

Roots

Question 21

(algae and fungi living as single unit), remove minerals and weaken rock by releasing acids

Answer 21

Lichens

Question 22

can increase weathering.

Answer 22

Burrowing animals

Question 23

– Various Geomorphic Agents, associated Processes, and resulting Erosional Features

Answer 23

EROSION and TRANSPORTATION

Question 24

– Fluvial Morphology

Answer 24

Flowing Water

Question 25

– Various geomorphic agents, associated processes and resulting Depositional Features

Answer 25

DEPOSITION