NATURAL HAZARD

Question 1

a natural process and event that is a potential threat to human life and property

Answer 1

natural hazard

Question 2

3 types of natural hazard

Answer 2

Geologic Hazards

Hydrometeorological Hazards

Coastal Hazards

Question 3

a hazardous event that occurs over a limited time span in a defined area.

Answer 3

disaster

Question 4

a massive disaster that requires significant expenditure of money and a long time (often years) of recovery to take place

Answer 4

catastrophe

Question 5

• used to describe the complex interactions between the component sub-cycles of tectonic, rock, hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles

Answer 5

Geologic cycle

Question 6

– involves the creation, movement, and destruction of tectonic plates

Answer 6

Tectonic cycle

Question 7

– the largest of the geologic sub-cycles, and is linked to other sub-cycles.

Answer 7

Rocks cycle

Question 8

is a natural geologic event that can endanger human lives and threaten human property.

Answer 8

geological hazard

Question 9

is the trembling of the Earth’s surface that occurs when the energy in the form of strain in rock layers is released.

Answer 9

earthquake

Question 10

Basic Earthquake Features:

Answer 10

• epicenter
• hypocenter

Question 11

– place on the surface of the earth above where the ruptured rocks broke up to produce an earthquake

Answer 11

Epicenter

Question 12

– directly below the focus. The point of initial breaking or rupturing within the earth

Answer 12

Hypocenter (focus)

Question 13

Earthquakes are measured and compared by:

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• intensity
• magnitude
• moment magnitude
• ritcher scale

Question 14

• effects of ground motion on people and structure

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Intensity

Question 15

• amount of energy an earthquake released

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Magnitude

Question 16

– indicates the size of the earthquake with a decimal number.

Answer 16

Moment magnitude

Question 17

– developed by famous seismologist Charles Ritcher

-Still used by some news reporters

Answer 17

Ritcher Scale

Question 18

is a number which is measure if energy released in an earthquake

Answer 18

magnitude

Question 19

is a measure of the strength of shaking during the earthquake

Answer 19

intensity

Question 20

Effects of earthquakes and linkages with other natural hazards

Answer 20

• Shaking and ground rupture
• liquefaction
• Regional changes in land elevation
• landslides
• fire
• disease

Question 21

is a downslope movement of a mass of rock, debris, earth, or soil (soil being a mixture of earth and debris). A slope is a slant or incline on a land surface.

Answer 21

landslide

Question 22

– mineral composition, degree of cementation or consolidation, the presence of zones of weaknesses

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Earth material

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– Topographic relief refers to the height of the hill or the mountain above the land below.

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Topography and slope angle

Question 24

– weather that is typical in a place over a period of years or decades.

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Climate

Question 25

– all the plants or plant life in a place.

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Vegetation

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is caused by spreading and sinking of lithospheric plates at plate boundaries that interact with other earth materials that produce magma.

Answer 26

Volcanic activity

Question 27

- molten rock under the earth’s crust

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Magma

Question 28

- molten rock erupted by a volcano to the earth’s surface

Answer 28

Lava

Question 29

– opening of a volcano through which lava and other volcanic materials are extruded onto the surface

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Vent

Question 30

is an area where large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean.

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Ring of Fire

Question 31

Classifications of volcanoes according to activity:

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- active - dormant - extinct

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- currently erupting or showing signs of unrest (earthquakes, gas emissions)

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Active

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– currently not active, but could become active again

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Dormant

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– considered unlikely to erupt again

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Extinct

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– Initiative may come from government officials or the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council.

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Earthquake hazard reduction program

Question 36

is a process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that can endanger human lives and threaten human property

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Hydrometeorological hazard

Question 37

Coined form the Greek word meaning “coil of snake” •An area or center of low atmospheric pressure characterized by rotating winds

Answer 37

cyclones

Question 38

•In the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans •After a Caribbean word for evil god of winds and destruction

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Hurricanes

Question 39

•in the Pacific Ocean west of International Dateline •“scary wind” or “wind from four directions”

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Typhoons

Question 40

is a general term for large thunderstorm complexes rotating around an area of low pressure that has formed over warm tropical or subtropical ocean water.

Answer 40

tropical cyclone

Question 41

are called tropical depressions and tropical storms.

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Low intensity tropical cyclones

Question 42

are hurricanes/typhoon.

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High intensity tropical cyclone

Question 43

– a large area of unsettled weather that is typically 200 to 600 km in diameter and has an organized mass of thunderstorms that persists for more than 24 hours.

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Tropical disturbance

Question 44

– a tropical disturbance may become a tropical depression if winds increase and spiral around the area of disturbed weather to form a low-pressure center.

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Tropical depression

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– once maximum sustained wind speeds increase to 63 km per hour, the depression is upgraded to a tropical storm and receives a name.

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Tropical storm

Question 46

– if winds of a tropical storm increase in speed, it becomes a hurricane/ typhoon.

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Hurricane/typhoon

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– clouds that spiral around the hurricane/typhoon

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Rainbands

Question 48

– innermost band of clouds that has the most intense winds

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Eyewall

Question 49

•a shift in winds that often causes a very rainy season or a very dry season.

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Monsoon

Question 50

– from November to February. Gives cold temperatures and causes much rainfall over the eastern coast of the Philippines.

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Northeast Monsoon

Question 51

– from July to September. Responsible for a great amount of rainfall during our wet season.

Answer 51

Southwest Monsoon

Question 52

– winds that reliably blow east to west just north and south of the equator.

Answer 52

Trade winds

Question 53

•The natural process of a river’s overbank flow is termed .

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flooding

Question 54

– any natural stream of water that flows in a channel with defined banks (larger stream)

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River

Question 55

– any natural stream of water that flows in a channel with defined banks (larger stream)

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River

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– any body of water that flows in channel

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Stream

Question 57

– region drained by a single stream or river.

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Drainage Basin

Question 58

- water from rain or snow that flows over the surface of the ground into streams

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Runoff

Question 59

– produced by intense rainfall of short duration over a relatively small area

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Flash floods

Question 60

– cover a wide area and are usually produced by storms of long duration that saturate the soil and produce increased runoff

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Downstream floods

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- injury, loss of life; damage caused by swift currents, debris, and sediment to farms, homes buildings, railroads, bridges, roads, and communication systems.

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Primary effects:

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(caused by disruption and malfunction of services and systems because of flood): short term pollution of rivers, hunger and disease, and displacement of persons who have lost their homes.

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Secondary effects

Question 63

•A small-diameter column of violently rotating air developed within a convective cloud and in contact with the ground.

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Tornado

Question 64

are created by a wide variety of coastal processes.

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Coastal landforms

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– is defined as “the group of processes whereby debris or rock material is loosened and dissolved” (Thomas and Goudie, 2000).

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Erosion

Question 66

•Storm surge is the local rise of sea level that results primarily from water that is pushed toward the shore by wind that swirls around a storm.

Answer 66

Storm surge

Question 67

two (2) mechanisms that cause the storm surge during an intense cyclone:

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(1)stress exerted by wind on the water surface; and (2) low atmospheric pressure in the storm that pulls the sea surface.