Experimental method

Question 1

Experimental method

Answer 1

Involves the manipulation of an independent variable (IV) to measure the effect on the dependent variable (DV). Experiments may be laboratory, field, natural or quasi.

Question 2

Aim

Answer 2

A general statement of what the researcher intends to investigate, the purpose of the study.

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

A clear, precise, testable statement that states the relationship between the variables to be investigated. Stated at the outset of any study.

Question 4

Directional hypothesis

Answer 4

States the direction of the difference or relationship.

Question 5

Non-directional hypothesis

Answer 5

Does not state the direction of the difference or relationship.

Question 6

Variables

Answer 6

Any thing that can vary or change within an investigation. Variables are generally used in experiments to determine if changes in one thing result in changes to another.

Question 7

Independent variable (IV)

Answer 7

Some aspect of the experimental situation that is manipulated by the researcher - or changes naturally - so the effect on the DV can be measured.

Question 8

Dependent variable (DV)

Answer 8

The variable that is measured by the researcher. Any effect on the DV should be caused by the change in the IV.

Question 9

Operationalisation

Answer 9

Clearly defining variables in terms of how they can be measured.

Question 10

When is a directional hypothesis used?

Answer 10

When a theory or the findings of previous research studies suggest a particular outcome.

Question 11

When is a non-directional hypothesis used?

Answer 11

When there is no theory or previous research or findings from earlier studies are contradictory.